文档介绍：Cervical Anatomy
Biomechanically Specialized
Support of “large” Cranial mass
Large range of motion
Flexion/extension
Axial rotation
Unique osteological characteristics
1
颈椎骨折英文
C1 - Atlas
No body
2 articular pillars
Flat articular surface
Vertebral artery foramen
2 arches
Anterior
Posterior
Vertebral artery groove
2
颈椎骨折英文
Function – The Atlas
Transition zone between head and c-spine
Important anatomical points
Superior articular processes allow flex/ext
Inferior articular processes are important for rotation
Notch for vertebral artery is a common fracture site
3
颈椎骨折英文
C2 Anatomy
Dens
Embriological C1 body
Base poorly vascularized
Osteoporotic
Flat C1-2 joints
Vertebral artery foramena
Inferomedial to superolateral
4
颈椎骨折英文
Anatomy – The Axis
Important transition point for forces within the c-spine
Important anatomical points
Superior and inferior articular processes are “offset” in the AP direction- due to different functions at each articulation
Pars interarticularis- due to this transition is a frequent fracture site
Odontoid process- the “pivot” for rotation
5
颈椎骨折英文
Anatomy – The Ligaments
Allow for the wide ROM of upper C-spine while maintaining stability
Classified according to location with respect to vertebral canal
Internal:
Tectorial membrane
Cruciate ligament – including transverse ligament
Alar and apical ligaments
External
Anterior and posterior atlanto-occipital membranes
Anterior and posterior atlanto-axial membranes
Articular capsules and ligamentum nuchae
6
颈椎骨折英文
AtlantoAxial Anatomy
Tectorial Membrane
7
颈椎骨折英文
AtlantoAxial Anatomy
occiput
C1
C2
Tranverse Ligament
C1-C2 joint
Alar Ligament
8
颈椎骨折英文
AtlantoAxial Anatomy
Transverse
Ligament
Facet for
Occipital
Condyle
9
颈椎骨折英文
AtlantoAxial Anatomy
Vertebral
Artery
10
颈椎骨折英文