文档介绍：Unit 1 Lan guage and Lan guage Lear ning 语言和语言学****br/>Views on Ianguage有关语言的观点
Differe nt views on Ian guage gen erate differe nt teach ing methodologies. (P2) 不同的语言观产生不同的教学方法。
Three different views of Ianguage: 三种不同观点的语言 ：
. Structural view: Ian guage as a system made up of various subsystems: the sound system (phonology); the discrete units of meaning (morphology); the system of comb ining un its of meaning for com muni cati on (syn tax) (p3)
a finite number of such structural items 有限数量的这种结构性产品 结构语言理论：语言作为一个系统由各种子系统：音响系统(语音);离散单元的意 义(形态);对通信相结合的系统单位的意义(语法)
. Functional view: Language is not only a linguistic system but also a means for doing ：语言不仅是一种语言系统，但也做事情的一种方式。
. I nteractio nal view: Ian guage as a com muni cative tool to build up and mai nta in social relati ons betwee n people. (p3)
交互语言理论：语言作为一种交际工具来建立和维护人们之间的社会关系。
Views on Ian guage lear ning and lear ning in gen eral 语言学****观和学****两类理论： Process-oriented theories and Condition-oriented theories
. Behaviourist theory: (p5)行为主义学****理论 面向流程理论和条件理论
behavioural psychologist Skinner;行为心理学家斯金纟内
Wats on and Raynor ' s theory of con diti oning; stimulus, resp on se, and rein forceme nt; the audio-lingual method; the Ianguage is learned by constant repetition and reinforcement of the teacher沃森和雷诺的调节理论，刺激响应，和强化； 听说教学法；语言是不断的重复和强化学****的老师
. Cogn itive theory: stude nts are asked to think rather tha n simply repeat; (p5) Noam Chomsky;乔姆斯基 认知学****理论：要求学生想而不是简单的重复； Ian guage is an in tricate rule-based system and a large part of Ian guage acquisiti on is the learning of this system; there are a finite number of grammatical rules in the system and with a kno wledge of these an infin ite nu mber of sen ten ces can be
语言是一个复杂的基于规则的系统语言****得和一个大的部分是这个系统的学****br/>乔姆斯基认知语言学 Tran sformatio nal-Ge nerative (T-G) Grammer转换生成语法
. Constructivist theory:(P6) Learning is a process in which the learner constructs
meaning based on his/her own experie nces and what he/she already know建构主义 学****理论：学****