文档介绍：Unit 1 Language and Language Learning 语言和语言学****br/>1. Views on language 有关语言的观点
Different views on language generate different teaching methodologies. (P2)
不同的语言观产生不同的教学方法。
Three different views of language: 三种不同观点的语言 :
(1). Structural view: language as a system made up of various subsystems: the sound system (phonology); the discrete units of meaning (morphology); the system of combining units of meaning for communication (syntax) (p3)
a finite number of such structural items 有限数量的这种结构性产品
结构语言理论 : 语言作为一个系统由各种子系统 : 音响系统 ( 语音 ); 离散单元的意义 ( 形态 ); 对通信相结合的系统单位的意义 ( 语法 )
(2). Functional view: Language is not only a linguistic system but also a means for
doing things. 功能观 : 语言不仅是一种语言系统 , 但也做事情的一种方式。
(3). Interactional view: language as a communicative tool to build up and maintain social relations between people. (p3)
交互语言理论 : 语言作为一种交际工具来建立和维护人们之间的社会关系。
Views on language learning and learning in general 语言学****观和学****两类理论： Process-oriented theories and Condition-oriented theories
(1). Behaviourist theory: (p5) 行为主义学****理论面向流程理论和条件理论 behavioural psychologist Skinner; 行为心理学家斯金纳
Watson and Raynor ’ s theory of conditioning; stimulus, response, and reinforcement; the audio-lingual method; the language is learned by constant repetition and
reinforcement of the teacher 沃森和雷诺的调节理论 , 刺激响应 , 和强化 ; 听说教学法 ; 语言是不断的重复和强化学****的老师
(2). Cognitive theory: students are asked to think rather than simply repeat; (p5)
Noam Chomsky; 乔姆斯基认知学****理论 : 要求学生想而不是简单的重复 ;
language is an intricate rule-based system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this system; there are a finite number of grammatical rules in the system and with a knowledge of these an infinite number of sentences can be produced. 有数量有限的语法规则系统和知识的这些可以生成无限的句子
语言是一个复杂的基于规则的系统语言****得和一个大的部分是这个系统的学****乔姆斯基认知语言学 Transformational-Generative (T-G) Grammer 转换生成语法
(3). Constructivist theory:(P6) Learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his/her own e