文档介绍：Endocrine Disease In Childhood And Adolescence Department of Endocrinology Children’s Hospital Fudan University Email: shenshuixian@ luo_fh@
Introduction
Growth and growth disorders
Adrenal disorders and sexual development abnormalities
Thyroid disorders
Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism
Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia
Other disorders: obesity, autoimune endocrinopathies, tumor, inborn metabolic disease, water homeostasis, hypertension, et al.
Hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary
Posterior pituitary
Bone growth
Breast
Ovary
Testes
Adrenal
Thyroid
Diabetes Mellitus
in Childhood and Adolescent
Major objective
To master pediatric diabetes diagnosis, clinical presentation and therapy
Minor objectives:
To be familiar with the etiology and
pathogenesis of pediatric diabetes
To understand diabetes classification, clinical
findings, diagnosis and therapy
To understand diabetic ketoacidosis diagnosis
and treatment
To understand plications and
prevention
Definition
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiology characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to defective insulin secretion or insulin action or both.
Epidemiology of diabetes
Location(Age<15yo) T1DM incidence (1/100000)
Finland 34 .
Australia Indonesia Singapore South Korea New Zealand 1/1000 Japan (88-92yr) Hang Kong Tai Wan (< 20y ) Beijing Shanghai Zuiyi Guilin Huhehaote Nanjing Hainan
I. Type 1 diabetes (-cell destruction, usually
leading to absolute insulin deficiency)
A. Immune mediated T1A
B. Idiopathic T1B
II. Type 2 diabetes
American Diabetes Association, 2004
Classification of diabetes mellitus
To be continued
Classification of diabetes mellitus
III. Other specific types
A. ic defects of -cell function
1. MODY 3 : Chromosome 12, HNF-1
2. MODY 2 : Chromosome 7, glucokinase
3. MODY 1 : Chromosome 20, HNF-4
4. MODY4 : Chromosome 13, insulin promoter
factor-1 (IP