文档介绍：外文资料原文
Prｏｇｒess in Cｏmｐｕterｓ
Prestｉge Ｌｅｃture ｄｅlｉveｒeｄ to ＩEＥ， Camｂrｉdge, on 5 Febrｕarｙ 2004
Maｕrice Wｉlkeｓ
Comｐｕtｅr Lａboratory
Unｉverｓitｙ oｆ Cａmbriｄge
The ｆｉrst ｓｔored progｒam coｍputers bｅgａｎ to worｋ ａround 1950。 Ｔhｅ one we buiｌｔ in Cａmbridｇe， thｅ EDＳAC was fｉrst used iｎ tｈe suｍmer ｏf 19４９.
These earｌｙ ｅxpｅrimentaｌ computｅｒｓ were bｕilｔ ｂy pｅople liｋe ｍysｅlf ｗiｔｈ varｙing bａｃkgrｏｕnds。 We alｌ ｈad eｘtensive ｅxpeｒｉenｃe iｎ electronic enｇiｎeerｉng and weｒｅ coｎfident that thａt expeｒｉence woｕld stand us in gooｄ ｓtｅad。 This prｏved ｔruｅ， althougｈ ｗe had somｅ new tｈｉngs ｔo learｎ。 The ｍoｓt important of thesｅ waｓ thａｔ trａnsｉeｎts mｕｓt bｅ treａtｅd coｒreｃtlｙ; wｈat ｗoｕld cause a ｈarmleｓｓ fｌａsh on ｔhｅ screen of a telｅvision sｅｔ ｃouｌd ｌeａｄ ｔｏ a sｅriｏus ｅrror in a coｍpｕｔer。
Aｓ far aｓ coｍpuｔiｎg cｉrcｕｉts ｗerｅ cｏnｃeｒned, we found ouｒsｅlveｓ wiｔｈ an ｅmbaｒaｓｓ ｄe riｃｈeｓs。 Ｆoｒ examｐｌe, ｗe ｃould uｓe vaｃuum tuｂe diodes ｆor ｇatｅs aｓ we did iｎ tｈe EDSAC or peｎtodes witｈ conｔrol signals ｏn bｏth gｒiｄs， a ｓystem widelｙ used elseｗｈeｒe． Thｉs sort oｆ cｈｏicｅ ｐｅrｓisｔeｄ ａnd ｔhe tｅｒｍ fａｍｉlies of lｏｇic caｍｅ iｎtｏ use. Thｏse who ｈａvｅ worked in the cｏmｐutｅｒ field ｗill ｒemeｍber TTL, ECL ａnd CMOＳ。 Of tｈesｅ， ＣMOS has now bｅcome dominaｎｔ。
In thosｅ eａrｌy yeａrs， the IＥE waｓ stｉｌｌ doｍinateｄ bｙ powｅr engineerinｇ and we had to ｆｉｇht a numｂer of ｍajor battles in ｏｒder ｔo get radｉｏ ｅngineeriｎg aｌonｇ wiｔｈ the rapidly dｅvel