文档介绍：Functional Near-Infrared
Spectroscopy
An Emerging Neuroimaging Modality
©DIGITAL VISION
BY SCOTT C. BUNCE,
MELTEM IZZETOGLU,
CLINICAL NEUROENGINEERING: PART 1 KURTULUS IZZETOGLU,
BANU ONARAL,
AND KAMBIZ POURREZAEI
europhysiological and neuroimaging technologies of physiological changes as it responds to environmental stim-
have contributed much to our understanding of uli; these changes in blood levels and electrochemical activity
normative brain function as well as to our under- also affect its optical properties. Functional optical imaging
standing of the neural underpinnings of various capitalizes on the changing optical properties of these tissues
neurological and psychiatric disorders. Commonly by using light in the near-infrared range (700–900 nm) to mea-
Nemployed techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), sure physiological changes.
event-related brain potentials (ERPs), oencephalogra- Brain activity is associated with a number of physiological
phy (MEG), positron emission tomography (PET), single- events; two of these events can be assessed using optical tech-
positron puted tomography (SPECT), and niques. During neural activity, ionic fluxes across the cell’s
functional ic resonance imaging (fMRI) have dramati- membrane (., shifts in sodium and potassium ions) result in
cally increased our understanding of a broad ran