文档介绍：Anatomy of the Vocal Tract
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Diagram of the ans
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In addition to their normal names, many of the parts of the vocal tract have fancy names derived from Latin and Greek. The adjectives we use to describe sounds made with each part are usually based on the Latin/Greek name.
The following is a table of normal names and fancy names.
Note
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Normal Name
Fancy Name
Adjective
lips
labia
labial
teeth
dental
alveolar ridge
alveolar
(hard ) palate
palatal
soft palate
velum
velar
uvula
uvular
upper throat
pharynx
pharyngeal
voice box
larynx
laryngeal
tongue tip
apex
apical
tongue blade
lamina (back)
laminal
tongue body
dorsum
dorsal
tongue root
radical
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English Consonants
Consonants and Vowels
Places of Articulation
Manners of Articulation
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Consonants and Vowels
The distinction between consonants and vowels is made in the following manner:
if the air, once out of the glottis, is allowed to pass freely through the resonators, the sound is a vowel;
if the air, once out of the glottis, is obstructed, partially or totally, in one or more places, the sound is a consonant.
Before proceeding, it should be noted that the line between vowels and consonants cannot be clearly drawn; a continuum exists between the two extremes. There are also intermediate instances, such as the semi-vowels and the (frictionless) spirants.
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Places of Articulation
The place of articulation refers to where the narrowing occurs -- which active articulator gets close to which passive articulator. In other words, the place of articulation is the point where the airstream is obstructed. In general, the place of articulation is simply that point on the palate where the tongue is placed to block the stream of air.
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The place of articulation can be any of the following:
the lips (labials and bilabials),
the teeth (dentals),
the lips and teeth (labio-dentals -- here the tongu