文档介绍：现在分词讲解可演示
一、现在分词的结构
二、现在分词的结构含义
三、现在分词的句法功能
四、独立主格结构
五、现在分词的主动表被动含义
知识提纲
第1页/共46页
一、现在分词的结构
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
否定式：在现在分词的前面直接加not
第2页/共46页
。一般式用来指和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为；完成式（having + 过去分词）用来指在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：
Being a student, he was interested in books.
Having studied in university for 3 years, he knows the way very well.
二、现在分词的结构含义
第3页/共46页
。当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语式；如果强调分词的动作先于谓语的动作，就用分词完成式被动形式。如：
The question being discussed is important.
Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.
【注】：being done 不能作状语
having been done 不能作定语
第4页/共46页
分词不管充当什么成分，都和所修饰的名词或者代词或者句子的主语形成主谓关系。

分词短语作定语时，分词短语放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。相当于定语从句。如：
The man standing by the windows is our teacher. （standing 和所修饰的man形成主谓关系）
In the following years he worked even harder.
三、现在分词的句法功能
〓 who is standing by the windows
〓 In the years that followed
第5页/共46页
【注】分词作前置定语(不同含义）
。V-ing表示他人他物令人感到怎么样。V-ed本身自己感到怎么样。
interesting , interested ;exciting, excited; annoying, annoyed; amazing, amazed; amusing, amused ;
astonishing, astonished; boring, bored; confusing, confused; disappointing, disappointed; encouraging, encouraged; embarrassing, embarrassed ; frightening, frightened; inspiring, inspired
He had a ________ (terrifying, terrified) look in his eyes.
The boy answered in a ________ (frightening, frightened) voice.
terrified
frightened
第6页/共46页
His son was . The old man felt unhappy.
His son was , so he regretted not having prepared much for the test.
。V-ing表示动作正在进行。V-ed表示动作已完成，不表被动。
rising/risen, falling/fallen, developing /developed , changing/ changed, fading /faded, boiled/ boiling ,drowning/ drowned
China is a developing country. (发展中的)
America is a developed country. （发达的）