文档介绍：History of quantum mechanics
and
its new development
birthday of quantum mechanics
Max Planck (1858-1947)
Nobel Prize 1918
14 December 1900
Planck (age 42)
suggests that
radiation is quantized
E = hn  
h = -34 J•s
1897 Thompson (age 41)
Nobel Prize 1906
measures the electron
"plum pudding" model
1905 Einstein (age 26)
proposes the photon
1911 Rutherford (age 40)
infers the nucleus
Status of physics
Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
Nobel Prize 1921
1913, Bohr (age 28)
constructs a theory of atom
1921 Bohr Institute opened
in Copenhagen (Denmark)
It became a leading center
for quantum physics
(Pauli, Heisenberg, Dirac, …)
Niels Bohr (1885-1962)
Nobel Prize 1922
old quantum theory
matrix formulation of quantum mechanics
Werner Heisenberg(1901-1976)
Nobel Prize 1932
1925 at Göttingen (Germany)
M. Born (age 43) W. Heisenberg (age 23) P. Jordan (age 22)
Max Born (1882-1970)
Nobel Prize 1954
wavefunction formulation of quantum mechanics
Erwin Schrödinger (1887-1961)
Nobel Prize 1933
1923 De Broglie (age 31)
matter has wave properties
Louis de Broglie (1892-1987)
Nobel Prize 1929
1926 Schrödinger (age 39)
Schrödinger equation
1926 Erwin Schrödinger in Austria
Carl Eckert (age 24) in America
Proved: wave mechanics = matrix mechanics
(Schrödinger and Heisenberg theories equivalent mathematically)
Schrödinger's wave mechanics eventually became the
method of choice, because it is less abstract and easier
to understand than Heisenberg's matrix mechanics
Neumann (mathematician) invented operator theory
Largely because of his work (publish his book in 1932),
quantum physics and operator theory can be viewed as
two aspects of the same subject.
wave mechanics = matrix mechanics
Paul Dirac (1902-1984)
Nobel Prize 1933
1925 Pauli (age 25)
Pauli exclusion principle
Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958)
Nobel Prize 1945
1928 Dirac (age 26)
Dirac equation (quantum+relativity)
1927 Solvay Conference
Held in Belgium,
the conferenc