文档介绍：动词不定式
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不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。
不定式
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结构 : to do
(否定) not/never to do
二. 时态与语态
不定式
to do
to be done
to be doing
to have done
to have been
done
to have been
doing
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(1).They pretended not to see us.
(2). He pretended to be sleeping.
(3).She pretended to have known it before.
(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在
它之后.)
(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)
(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)
(4).We’re happy to have been working with
you.
(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的
动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)
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1. 作主语
2. 作宾语
3. 作宾语补足语
4. 作定语
5. 作状语
6. 作表语
7. 作独立成分
8. 与疑问词等连用
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三. 用法/ 功能
To see is to believe.
It’s important to learn English well .
(1). 主语
单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数
若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.
My job to help the patient.
Your task to clean the classroom.
is
is
(2). 表语
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I want to go home.
The workers demanded to get better pay.
I found it necessary to talk to him again.
(3) 宾语
think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do
常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
hope, refuse, learn, set out
choose, decide, agree, manage,
pretend, plan.
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The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.
I expect you to give me some help.
(4). 宾补
五看
watch
see
look at
observe
notice
三使
let
make
have
二听
listen to
hear
一感觉:
feel
warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等
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. I made him do his work.
He was made to do his work (by me).
注意
1> help 后面的“to”可省去
. They often help the grandma (to)
carry water.
2> see, hear, watch, feel, notice, look at等表示
感觉和let, make, have等表示使役的动词后
面，不定式作宾语时要省“to” （注：被动
语态不省to）
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3> 不定式用在介词but, except, besides
后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的
各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,
相反则带to.
(1). She could do nothing but cry.
(2). I have no choice but to go.
(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.
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