文档介绍：第五章测试的技巧和测试综合能力 What are test techniques? They are means of eliciting behavior from candidates which will tell us about their language abilities. What techniques do we need? What we need are techniques which: 1. will elicit behavior which is reliable and valid indicator of the ability in which we are interested; 2. will elicit behavior which can be reliably scored; 3. are as economical of time and effort as possible; 4. will have a beneficial backwash effect. In this chapter we ’ ll discuss one technique, multiple choice . Then we ’ ll examine the use of techniques which may be used to test ‘ overall ability ’. Multiple choice Enid has been here ______ half an hour. a stem a number of options A. during B. for C. while D. since key distractors What ’ s the most obvious advantage of multiple choice? ? Scoring can be perfectly reliable. ? Scoring should also be rapid and economical. ? It can include more items than would otherwise be possible in a given period of time. The difficulties with multiple choice are as follows: 1) The technique tests only recognition knowledge If there is a lack of fit between at least some candidates ’ productive and receptive skills, then performance on a multiple choice test may give a quite urate picture of those candidates ’ ability. A multiple choice grammar test score, for example, may be a poor indicator of someone ’ s ability to use grammatical structures. The person who can identify the correct response in the item above may not be able to produce the correct form when speaking or writing. This is in part a question of construct validity; whether or not grammatical knowledge of the kind that can be demonstrated in a multiple choice test underlies the productive use of grammar. Even if it does, there is still a gap to be bridged between knowledge and use; if use is what we are interested in, that gap will mean that test scores are at best giving plete informati