文档介绍：第二节词的翻译一英汉词义的差异英语词义灵活, 突出表现为一词多义 polysemy , 英语的词义主要视词的语境( 上下文联系和词在句中的搭配关系) 而定。相比之下, 汉语词义的稳定性就大得多。例如: story 在不同的上下文中有不同的词义。(1) 事件、事情、情况、情形: 1) This war is ing the most important story of this generation. 2) It is quite another story now. (2) 报导、消息、电讯: Last December, the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of those cities, but officials refused to confirm the story. (3) 内容、内情、真相: Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story. (4) 传说、说法: He ’ ll be very happy if that story holds up. (5) 热门、谎言、有意的渲染: The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from the American television. (6) 身世、遭遇: The story of Rita Hayworth is one of the saddest. (7) 情节、案情: A young man came to Scotti ’s office with a story. 作业: 1. He is the last man e. 2. He is the last man to do it. 3. He is the last person for such a job. 4. He should be the last man to blame. 5. He is the last man to consult. 6. This is the last place where I expected to meet you. : 一是结构词义, 二是涉指词义, 三是情景词义。因此,辨析词义也必须从这三个范畴入手。(一) 从词形结构析出词义 1. 大批英语词都是以合成法构成的, 可根据其词义构成模式分析出其词义。例如: Overwork rollerhockey lightyear lightweek lightmonth pickpocket 2. 英语中有极多的词是以词缀法构成的。例如: Legality superpower supermarket superstar superspeed supersecret parabiospheric (二) 从涉指关系析出词义所谓涉指关系是词在上下文中的照应关系。语言中有些词的本身并不具有确定的词义,必须到上下文中寻找照应词。( 1) 称代照应词:包括人称代词的各个格、代用词 one 、指示代词 such 、不定代词 some/any/each/both ; 限定词 much/many/few/littl e 等。( 2) 指示照应词: 包括名词性指示词 this/that/these/those 和副词性指示词 here/there/now/then 等。( 3) 比较照应词: 即在上下文中有关涉词的比较形容词和副词。如: I hate red shirt ; white suits me but blue is the most preferable . 句中 the most preferable 的关涉词是 shirt , 没有 shirt 的照应, the most preferable 的词义就不能确立。(三) 从情景关系析出词义 1 辨析英语词义最重要的依据是词在行文中的搭配、组合关系。比如: light Light music(light=intended chiefly to entertain) 轻音乐 Light loss(light=not heavy) 轻微的损失 Light car(light=having little weight) 轻便的汽车 Light heart(light=relaxed) 轻松的心情 Light step(light=gentle) 轻快的步伐 Light manners ( light=frivolous )轻浮的举止 Light outfit(light=han