流失文物回归的法律问题研究.pdf

文档介绍：摘 要

文物是一个国家、民族历史的见证，是活着的史实。在流失文物回归这一问题上，
国际社会多以公约、协商等方式来解决，但都收效甚微，许多流失的文物至今仍处于流
失状态。在流失文物回归的整个过程中所产生的相关法律问题，才是致使流失文物不能
顺利回归的最大障碍。本文分为四个部分：
第一部分从阐述“文物”的内涵入手，阐述文物的特点、分类、性质及其价值；明
确流失文物的途径，对合法流出的文物、非法流失的文物及水下文物进行区别。
第二部分综合阐述现今国际社会对流失文物回归的态度及措施。
第三部分则是提出流失文物回归的一些法律问题。首先是流失文物所有权的不确定
性；其次是在流失文物回归过程中国家责任的不确定性；最后是流失文物回归的过程产
生的其他法律问题，如保护对象范围较窄、诉讼时效等。
第四部分主要是针对第三部分提出的解决方法。可通过建立流失文物档案登记制度
来明确流失文物的所有权；通过明确责任承担主体、确立归责原则来确定具体国家法律
责任的承担；分别在理论与实践方面加强完善与建设流失文物的相关制度，使流失文物
不再流失。








关键词：流失文物 国家责任 所有权 文物档案制度


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Abstract
The relics are not only the witness of a national and ethnic history, but also the living
historical facts. In the loss of cultural relics return to this issue, the international community
and more to the convention, consultations and other means to solve, but with little success,
many of the loss of cultural relics are still in the loss of state. And related legal issues arising
in the whole process of regression in the loss of cultural relics is the biggest obstacle to the
return of cultural relics. This article is divided into four parts:
The first part illustrates the connotation of “Relics” to explain it. Elaborate the
characteristics, classification, properties and values of relics. Distinguish between the legal
relics, illegal relics and underwater cultural relics to definite the approach of looted relics.
The second part expounds the international society’s attitude and measures for relic
regression.
The third part is proposed of some legal relic regression problems. The first is the
uncertainty of property of looted relics; followed by the uncertainty of national responsibility
during the relic regress