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AN INTRODUCTION TO
BLACK HOLES, INFORMATION,
AND THE STRING THEORY
REVOLUTION
The Holographic Universe
Leonard Susskind∗
James Lindesay†
∗Permanent address, Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-
4060
†Permanent address, Department of Physics, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059
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vi
Published by
World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224
USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601
UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
AN INTRODUCTION TO BLACK HOLES, INFORMATION AND THE STRING
THEORY REVOLUTION
The Holographic Universe
Copyright © 2005 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval
system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher.
For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright
Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to
photocopy is not required from the publisher.
ISBN 981-256-083-1
ISBN 981-256-131-5 (pbk)
Printed in Singapore.
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Preface
It is now almost a century since the year 1905, in which the principle
of relativity and the hypothesis of the quantum of radiation were intro-
has taken most of that time to synthesize the two into the modern
quantum theory of fields and the standard model of