文档介绍：单位代码
学号
分类号
硕士学位论文
小学识字教学科学化研究
专业、方向
:
学科教学·语文
申请学位类别
:
教育硕士
申请人
:
指导教师
:
教授

二○○七年四月
摘要
国民识字率是一个的重要标志。汉字是中华文化传承与发展的载体、是中国文化教育的基石。建国以来,我国小学识字教学获得了长足发展,从20世纪60年代的集中识字教学模式、分散识字教学模式,80年代的注音识字教学模式、部件识字教学模式,90年代的韵语识字教学模式、字理识字教学模式、字族文识字教学模式,到目前的利用多媒体快乐识字等,出现了几十种识字教学模式。小学识字教学取得了很大的成绩。但是,也还存在很多问题。如识字量少、机械识字、不讲字理、死记硬背、识字与阅读分离、评价片面等。从而造成了小学识字教学“少慢差费”的状况。影响了教育的发展,制约教育质量的提高。
对当前识字教学背离科学的问题进行调查、分析和研究后发现,识字教学的指导思想、识字教学的理论研究、教师的业务素养、教学条件等,都是影响识字教学科学化的重要因素。目前,小学语文教师不知道汉字中蕴藏的规律和文化、不懂得教育学心理学的现象非常普遍。不当的教育导向对识字教学也有很大的影响。汉字落后论和文革的冲击,对汉字的伤害是毁灭性的。导致很多识字教学方法,带有功利性和片面性。这些都严重制约了识字教学的发展。
识字教学的现状必须改革。在肯定原有教学成果的基础上,我们还应当:改变旧观念、树立科学识字教学观;加强识字教学科学化理论研究;提高师资理论水平及业务素质;将多种识字教学模式科学地融合;充分利用现代化教学手段进行识字教学。用科学的教育理念、教育方法进行现代的识字教学,以提高识字教学的效率,获取最佳的识字教学效果。
关键词:小学识字教学,教学模式,汉字文化,汉字规律,认知特点,科学化
ABSTRACT
National literacy rate is an important criterion for a country’s educational, economic, and social development. Chinese characters serve as the medium through which Chinese culture can be handed down and developed, and Chinese cultural education can be conducted. Since the foundation of new China in 1949, national literacy teaching has seen great development. There have appeared scores of literacy teaching modes, among which are: concentrated teaching mode (teaching only characters over a period of time) and “scattered” teaching mode (teaching characters through learning of other subjects) in the 1960s; character teaching through pinyin and ponent parts in the 1980s;character teaching in the 1990s, featuring using rhymed lines, analyzing characters into their smallest meaningful parts, and classifying Chinese characters into various families of different origins; and now character teaching as fun through multi-media. Despite the achievements made through the years, problems in literacy teaching remain, for example, limited number of characters learned, mechanical learning of charaters, lack of knowledge of character formation, rote learning, separation of character learni