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Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN003H-945 June 13, 2001 22:9
Color Science
Robert M. Boynton
University of California, San Diego
I. Physical Basis of Perceived Color
II. CIE System of Color Specification
III. Color Rendering
IV. Global Surface Properties
V. Physical Basis of Surface Color
VI. Color Difference and Color Order
VII. Physiological Basis of Color Vision
GLOSSARY Color rendering General expression for the effect of a
light source on the color appearance of objects -
Chromaticity Ratios x, y, z of each of the tristimulus parison with their color appearance under a reference
values of a light to the sum of the three tristimulus val- light source.
ues X, Y , Z, these being the amounts of three primaries Color temperature Absolute temperature of a blackbody
required to match the color of the light. radiator having a chromaticity closest to that of a light
Chromaticity diagram Plane diagram formed by plot- source being specified.
ting one of the three chromaticity coordinates against Metamerism (1) Phenomenon whereby lights of differ-
another (usually y versus x). ent spectral power distributions appear to have the same
Color Characteristics of sensations elicited by light by color. (2) Degree to which a material appears to change
which a human observer can distinguish between two color when viewed under different illuminants.
structure-free patches of light of the same size and Optimal colors Stimuli that for a given chromaticity have
shape. the greatest luminous reflectance.
Colorant A substance, such as a dye or pigment, that Primaries (1) Additive: Any one of three lights in terms
modifies the color of objects or imparts color to other- of which a color is specified by giving the amount
wise achromatic objects. of each required to match it bining the lights.
Colorimetry Measurement and specification of color. (2) Subtractive: Set of dyes or pigme