文档介绍：万方数据万方数据山东理工大学硕士学位论文摘要 I 摘要纯电动公交客车作为一种理想的清洁能源城市公共交通工具, 在我国发展具有独特的优势。目前,纯电动公交客车存在电池成本高、电池比能量、比功率小及续驶里程短等问题。由于汽车行驶时能量消耗与质量成正比,那么减轻车身质量,则可提高纯电动公交客车动力能源的使用效率。因此对于续驶里程本就吃紧的纯电动公交客车,轻量化的意义更为重大。本文首先分析了山东理工大学新能源汽车研究院自主研制的快换式纯电动公交客车及其动力电池系统全承载结构的设计特点。根据当前研制出来的车身设计方案,在大型有限元软件 ANSYS 中建立了整车的几何模型,使用精度较高的板壳单元 shell181 划分网格,得到了整车的有限元模型。在客车典型工况下, 采用了基于载荷等效法客车典型工况建模的方法, 考虑了稳定杆、推力杆、空气弹簧的等效载荷,模型受力与公交客车的实际受力情况符合度更高。并对纯电动公交客车车身骨架进行了静力结构分析, 得到了整车的应力分布和刚度状况。通过模态分析,掌握了车身刚度和强度的宏观分布。在结构分析的基础上, 提出了较为详细的车身骨架轻量化的改进方案。在现有结构基础上,本文主要通过改变钢梁结构件的厚度和截面尺寸,改变结构的布置形式,实现减轻车身质量的目标。同时,对车身骨架轻量化方案进行验证,以确定其可行性。经过轻量化设计研究,整车骨架在客车五种典型工况下均满足强度使用要求,动态性能得到了改善。最终,车身骨架总质量减轻 376kg 。提出了一种基于强度理论的大客车开口变形分析新方法。与传统开口变形的评价方法相比,新方法可以看出车窗玻璃局部应力集中的区域,从另一个角度评价了车身骨架的刚度性能。关键词:纯电动公交客车;轻量化;有限元分析;开口变形;等效载荷万方数据山东理工大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT II ABSTRACT Pure electric bus, as a kind of ideal clean energy city public traffic tools, ha s a unique development advantage in China. At present, the pure electric bus exist some problems, such as the battery cost highly, the battery specific energy and specific power is shortage , and the driving range is short , et. A s the car driving , t he energy consumption is proportional to quality. T hen , reduce the quality of bus frame can improve the pure electric bus power energy efficiency. So for the pure electric bus, lightweight design has a significant meaning. This paper analyzes the quick change type pure electric bus and its power battery bearing system design ed by the new energy automobile research institute of SDUT . First, based on the current bus frame s tructure designed , geometry model of the bus through ANSYS has been establish ed . Then, FEM grid model has been generated us ing highly accurate shell181 element . Based on load equivalent modeling method, FEA analysis of air suspension bus under typical operating conditions has been conducted . The modeling method accurate ly express ed bearing propertie s of the suspension system, equivalent load of stabilizer bar , thrust rods and air springs