文档介绍：GOM5
Manufacturing Operations
The Lean Approach
地域发展策略5
生产运营
精益方法
Lean Approach
What is lean production?
Contrasting with Crafts and Mass productions:
The craft producer uses highly skilled workers and simple but flexible tools to make exactly what the consumer asks for—one item at a time
The mass production (developed at the beginning of the 20th century) uses narrowly skilled professionals to design products made by unskilled or semiskilled workers tending expensive, single-purpose machines. These churn out standardized products in very high volume.
The lean bines the advantages of craft and mass production, while avoiding the high cost of the former and the rigidity of the latter. Toward this end, lean producers employ teams of multiskilled workers at all levels of anization and use highly flexible, increasingly automated machines to produce volumes of products in enormous variety
精益方法
什么是精益生产?
与手工艺生产和批量生产相比:
手工艺生产者雇佣技术相当熟练的工人,使用简单但灵活的工具完全按照消费者的需要来生产——一次一件。
批量生产(在20世纪初期得到发展)雇佣拥有专门技术的专业人员来设计产品,。
精益生产者把手工艺生产和批量生产的优点结合在一起,同时避免前者的高成本和后者的呆板。为了实现这一目的,精益生产者在机构各级雇佣拥有复合技能的工人,使用高度灵活、自动化程度日益提高的机器进行生产,产品数量巨大、品种多样。
Lean Approach
Craft
Mass
Lean
Workforce
Highly skilled in design, machine operations and fitting. Apprenticeship for workers
Interchangeable workers (division of labor). Improvement responsibility—Industrial engineer and foreman
Flexible teams work the process. Little management layers. Improvement responsibility throughout anization
Organization
Extremely decentralized but concentrated in one city. Most parts and design from small machine shops. Coordination by owner/entrepreneur.
Vertical integration. anization—design, engineering and production in one place.
Network of suppliers with design and engineering capability. Improvement along supply chain.
Tools
General-purpose machine tools
Dedicated machines
General purpose
Product
Very low production volume—1000 or fewer per year. No two exactly