文档介绍：Chapter 8 The Instruments of Trade policy
Import tariff
Import quota
Export subsidy
Key terms:
ad valorem tariff specific tariff
export supply curve import demand curve
import quota consumer surplus
consumption distortion loss export restraint
effective rate of protection efficiency loss
local content requirement non-tariff barriers
production distortion loss export subsidy
quota rent terms of trade gain
voluntary export restraint(VER)
anization
Introduction
Basic Tariff Analysis
Costs and Benefits of A Tariff
Costs and Benefits of An Export Subsidy
Costs and Benefits of Import Quotas
Introduction
In this chapter, we have to answer the followings
---what are the main trade policies instruments?
---What are the effects of various trade policy
instruments?
---What are the costs and benefits of protection?
---What should a nation’s trade policy be?
Commercial Policy Instruments
Trade Contraction
Trade Expansion
Tariff
Export tax
Import quota
Voluntary Export Restraint (VER)
Import subsidy
Export subsidy
Voluntary Import Expansion (VIE)
Price
Quantity
Price
Quantity
贸易政策
自由贸易政策
保护贸易政策
限制进口的政策
鼓励出口的政策
进口配额
进口许可证
自愿出口限制
关税壁垒
非关税壁垒
直接政策
间接政策
外汇管制
歧视性政府采购
技术、绿色贸易壁垒
出口补贴
出口信贷
倾销
Ⅰ. Basic Tariff Analysis
import tariff
concept
classification
basic analysis
Tariffs can be classified as:
Specific tariffs
Taxes that are levied as a fixed charge for each unit of goods imported.
Example: A specific tariff of $10 on each imported bicycle with an international price of $100 means that customs officials collect the fixed sum of $10.
Ad valorem tariffs
Taxes that are levied as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.
Example: A 20% ad valorem tariff on bicycles generates a $20 payment on each $100 imported bicycle.
Compound tariffs
pound duty (tariff) is bination of an ad valorem and a specific tariff.
Specific tariffs
PT= t + PW
Ad valorem tariffs
PT= PW (t+1)
税则号列
货品名称
最惠国税率
普通税率
08109010
鲜荔枝
36
80
33030000