文档介绍：华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
浅析马克思生产力发展理论的得失及启示
姓名:戚盼姣
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:马克思主义哲学
指导教师:马天俊
20070603
摘要
生产力问题是一个亘古不变的话题,从刀耕火种的原始社会到依靠科技生产的
现代社会,各个时期无不围绕“生产力”问题而展开。生产力的不断发展确实推动
着人类社会从远古向现代一路走来,特别是以科学技术为驱动力的生产力的发展在
第二次世界大战之后,给我们的生活、生产带来了突飞猛进、日新月异的变化。这
种生产力的发展,一方面开辟了人类主体改造自然的更深、更广的层面,使人类主
体以技术为主导的能力突显成一种自然力无法比拟的巨大力量,客观上拓宽了人类
实践的领域。从哲学层面上讲,形成了一种主体优越感和胜利感。但在另一方面,
在人们醉心于自己征服自然的胜利的同时,也无意中打开了“潘多拉魔盒”。人类在
片面追求生产力高度增长的同时,诸如环境恶化、资源枯竭、物种灭绝、气象异常
等等问题也日益困扰着人们。人类主体逐渐面临着自掘坟墓和无家可归的悲惨处境。
痛定思痛,我们不禁要思考,人类能否再这样继续片面的追求经济的发展而不顾生
态系统内部的限制?生产力能否如人们所期望的那样无所限制地向前发展?这些都
是值得我们深思的问题。马克思在生产力发展方面是相当乐观的。本文一方面肯定
其进步意义,另一方面也试图通过马克思生产力理论中的局限性的分析,让人们理
解和认识到生产力不仅受到生产关系的限制,而且很大程度上受到自然界本身的限
制,就算是有科学技术做坚实的后盾,情况也不容乐观。最后本文试图努力寻求解
决生产力增长与自然有限性方面矛盾问题的可行途径。

关键词:生产力; 生产关系; 人与自然; 可持续性发展; 有限性

I
Abstract
The problem of Productivity is a perpetual topic in human history, From the
slash-and-burn cultivation primitive society to modern society, no time does not develop
through productivity. Surely the development of productivity does promote our human
history to go from old periods to modern time, especially the after the World War Two the
productivity promoted by the science and technology has caused great changes by leaps
and bounds, and made variations from day to day in our lives. On one hand such
development of the productivity has made people alter the nature on a high level, that is to
say, it has made the human-being a kind of subject who appears as a power that led by
technology, with which the nature can pare. It widens the field in which people
practise in the object sense. In the philosophy sense, this causes a kind of sense of
superiority and domination of the subject. While on another hand, at the same time we are
drunk by the victory we get over the nature, we also open ‘the Pandora’s devil box’. In
pursuit of the development of productivity, problems such as the environment’s getting
worse and worse, the energy’s getting less and less, the species’ dying