2014高考复习定语从句学案.pdf

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2014高考复****定语从句教案
定语从句(Attributiveclause)教案
一、定义:
定语从句(TheAttributiveClause)或称为____________。定语从句在句子中作定语,
用来修饰一个名词、名词词组也许代词。被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做__________;
在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做___________。指引词可分为“________”和
“___________”。
二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1)限制性定语从句是先行词不行缺乏的部分,去掉它主句意思常常不明确;非限制性定
语从句是先行词的附带说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间平时用逗号分开。
Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.(Hehasonlytwosons)他有两个儿子,他们在同一家
公司工作。(_____________)
Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.(Perhapshehasmorethantwosons.)他
有两个在同一家公司里工作的儿子。(_______________)
(2)非限制性定语从句还可以将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人
称单数;比方:
HeseemsnottohavecaughtwhatImeant,
思,这使我心烦。
★★说明:在非限制性定语从句中:①关系代词that和关系副词why不可以指引非限制性
定语从句。②关系代词和关系副词在任何状况下都不省略。
三、关系代词和关系副词
关系代词例句
That指物It’saquestionthatneedscarefulconsideration.
在从句中做主Thehouse(that)theybuiltin1990stayedupintheearthquake.
语或宾语指人Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdayisTom’ssister
Which指物Theyneededaplantwhichdidn'tneedasmuchwaterasrice.
在从句中做主Thefarm(which)wevisitedyesterdayislocatedinthesuburbof
语或宾语Beijing.
Who,
1:.
2014高考复****定语从句教案

作主语或宾语
Whose指人或Edisonisagreatinventorwhosefameisworld-wide.
在从句中作定物Pleasepassmethebookwhosecover(=ofwhichthecover/thecoverof
语which)isgreen.
★注意:当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,可以省略。
关系副词例句
When指时间ThedaycameatlastwhenIwenttocollege.
Where指地址IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudiedwhenIwasachild.
Why指原由Thereasonwhyhefailedintheraceisthathefellontotheground.
★注意:关系副词里面没有how。
四、定语从句考点:
考点一:that和which的选择
(1)that指物时一般可以与which互换,但在以下状况指引词只用that,不用which。
①当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词
时,如:.
(______)youcanborrow.
②先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,few,much,theonly,thevery,thelast,修饰时:
I’vereadallthebooks()yougaveme.
③先行词是序数词、形容词最高等或被它们修饰时。
Thisisthebest______hasbeenusedagainstpollution.
Thisisthefirstcomposition(______)hehaswritteninEnglish.
④当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时,这个定语从句要用that而不用who
(whom)和which指引。如:
Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools(______)hehadvisited.
⑤先行词是疑问词who,which,what时,定语从句用that而不用who,(whom)和which指引
2:.
2014高考复****定语从句教案
?
?
?
⑥当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中也作表语时,
Chinaisnolongerthecountry______itusedtobe.
(2)只用which的状况
①在非限制性定语从句中,只用which,不用that.
Theweatherturnedouttobegood,______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.
②当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which,不用that.
Thisisthehousein______LuXunoncelived.
考点二:as与which指引的定语从句
,suchas,asas,soas中,定语从句指引词一般用as。
(1)Suchbooks______youtellmeareinteresting.
(2).Thisisthesamebook______Ilentyouyesterday.
(3)Hereissobigastone______nomancanlift.
,假如定语放主句后,即可用as也可用which指引.
(1)Hefailedintheexam,______(=which)isnatural.
(2)Sheseemsascientist,______(=which)infactsheis.
(3)Grammarisnotadeadrule,which(=as)Ihavesaidbefore.
,这时要用as而不用which指引。如:
______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
=Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,asisknowntoeverybody.
=Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(主语从句)
=Whatisknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(表语
从句)
,有“正如”之意,而which没有此意思,从句中的动词常是expect,
know,see,think,want,suppose等。
(1)Hewonthematch,______wehadexpected.
(2)Heagreedtotheplan,______wastobeexpected.
3:.
2014高考复****定语从句教案
(3)Thepolicewerelookingforhim,______hethought.
,后边常接行为动词的被动语态,如beknown,besaid,bereported
等,如从句中行为动词是主动语态,一般要用which作主语。
(1)Shehasbeenlateagain,______wasexpected.
(2)Tomhasmadegreatprogress,______madeushappy.
,只好用which指引。
Bettyalwaystellsalie,______herparentsfindstrange.
,常用which指引。
,______shedoesn’tlikeatall.
考点三:如何判断用关系代词还是用关系副词
关系代词与关系副词的采纳,应看指引词在定语从句中充当什么成分;
1)若作状语,就用where,when,why等关系副词
2)若作主语、宾语或定语,则用关系代词who/that/which、whom/which、whose等。
3)当定语从句中缺乏先行词时,应加补先行词theone;
(1).
(____________)hegaveussoundedreasonable.
(2)’llneverforgetthedays()wespenttogetherinParis.
’llrememberthedaywestayedtogether.
(3)(______)wevisitedlastyear?
?
(______)wevisitedlastyear?
考点四:关系代词前介词的确定
。
?
,如:
’mnotsure.
,请领悟:
.
,要表示先行词的一部分时,可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结
4:.
2014高考复****定语从句教案
构,如:
,two-thirds____________havebeentoBeijing.
“of+关系代词”型,如:
,whosedooropenstothesouth.
=Theylivedinahouse,____________thedooropenstothesouth.
=Theylivedinahouse,thedoor____________openstothesouth.
,where,why可以用合适的介词+which来代替。如:when=in/on/at+which,
where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which介词的地址特别灵巧,有时放在关系代词从前,有
时放在动词以后。
1).Iwon’tforgetthedatewhn(____________)Iwasborn.
2).Thisistheroomwhere(____________Ilived.
=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.
3).Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(____________)hehaven’tcometoday.
4).Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(____________)theylivedinTianjin.
考点五:定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式
当定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词在人称、数的方面应该与先行
词保持一致.
-famousbuildingsthatattractlotsofvisitors.
.
,whoamyourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyou.
考点六:way和time后接定语从句的状况:
,且意为“方式、方法”时且关系词在从句中作状语时,指引定语从句的关
系词有以下三种形式。如:
(04湖北)Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway(inwhich/that/不填)hesaidit.
注意:下边两个句子中的关系词的不一样,试比较:
Theway(that/which/不填)
简单。
Theway(that/inwhich/不填)
分析句子的那种方法很难学到。
5:.
2014高考复****定语从句教案
,若time做“次数”讲,关系词应用that,且可以省略。如time做“一
段时间”讲,应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which指引定语从句。
Icouldn’thardlyrememberhowmanytimes(that)Ihavefailed.
Thiswasatatimewhen/duringwhichtherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets.
考点七:先行词是表示抽象时间和抽象地址看法的定语从句
、point、situation、condition、position、stage、activity、job、sport、
career等表示抽象地址、地步、环境、形势等含义的名词时,我们常使用关系副词where。
(1)Wearejusttryingtoreachapoint______bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.
(2)Footy,whichisshortforAustralianrulesfootball,isamixofsoccerandrugby,asport
______playersholdtheballandrunwithit.
,我们平时使用关系副词when
OccasionsarequiterarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.
考点八:定语从句与其余句型的差别

定语从句与并列句的主要差别为:定语从句一般都是用关系代词或关系副词引起,而并
列句用but,so,and等表示转折、因果、并列关系的连词或分号连接。比方:
①Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof______werecarriedoutintheirwork.
②Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,butnoneof______werecarriedoutintheir
work.

(1)where指引定语从句时,前面必定要有表示地址的先行词,where是关系副词,在从
句中作地址状语。where指引状语从句时,where是隶属连词,where指引的从句修饰主句
的谓语动词,where前面没有表示地址的先行词。比方:
,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.
.
(2).when指引定语从句时,前面必定要有表示时间的先行词,when是关系副词,在从句
中作时间状语
.
,whentheyheardtheteachersfootsteps,’
6:.
2014高考复****定语从句教案

1)从句所修饰词的不一样。同位语从句所修饰词平时是少量一些表示抽象意义的名词,
如belief,doubt,fact,hope,idea,news,possibility,thought,order,suggestion,wish,
answer,information,conclusion,decision,discovery,knowledge,law,opinion,problem,
promise,proof,question,report,truth,risk等。定语从句的先行词可以指人、物等。比方:
(1)Hehastoldusafactthatdrinkingtoomuchdoesharmtoourhealth.(____________)
(2)Wehavenoideathathermotherwasaprofessortenyearsago.(____________)
(3)ThisisthebookthatIboughtyesterday.(____________)
2)连接词的作用不一样。连接同位语从句的that只起连接作用,不在从句中担当任何句子
成分。whether和how可以指引同位语从句,但不可以指引定语从句。关系代词和关系副词
除了连接从句的作用外,还在定语从句中充当必定的句子成分,常有的关系代词和关系副词
有that,which,who,whose,whom,when,where,why,as等。
3)从句作用的不一样。定语从句拥有形容词或副词的特色,对先行词起修饰、限制作用,
描述先行词的性质或特色,与先行词之间是所属关系。同位语从句具有名词的特色,对中心词作进一
步增补解说,是中心词的详尽内容。比方:
(1)Themanthatyousawjustnowismybother.(____________)
(2)Thesuggestionthatthemeetingbeputoffprovedright.(____________)
(3)Thesuggestionthathehadmadeisthatthemeetingbeputoff(.)

1).重申句型“Itbe+被重申部分+that/who”是对某部分增强语气,重申语气的连接词只
能是that、who,而定语从句中的指引词可以是who、that、whom、when、where
等;重申句型假如去掉重申结构Itwas/is...that,原句不缺乏任何成分。重申句中的that
是个虚词,没有实在乎义,不过起着标记性的结构作用,一般不可以省略。
(1)ItwasinthelibrarythatIsawheryesterday.(____________)
(2)Itistheshopwheremysisterwasrobbedbyamanwithamaskcoveringhisface.(_______
_____)
(3)Itwasnotuntil1920thatregularradiobroadcastbegan.(____________)
(4)Itwas1920whenregularradiobroadcastbegan.(____________)
2)有些重申句型中含有一个定语从句,这常常给理解带来必定的难度。
7:.
2014高考复****定语从句教案
(1)Itwasinthelabthatwassetuplastyearthattheyfinishedtheexperiment.
(thatwassetuplastyear是定语从句,that在从句中作主语,并可被which代替)
(2)Itwasthestudentswhocamefromourschoolthatwonthefirstprizeinthecontest.
(whocamefromourschool是定语从句,who在从句中作主语)
定语从句练****br/>一、which/that;who/that/whose
.

)Hesaidnothing_____mademeangry.
2)Hesaidnothing,_____mademeangry.
,,,,that
,_____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.

.

8:.
2014高考复****定语从句教案
,thethiefhandedtothepoliceeverything____hehadstolen.

.

.
./
.

?
./

oman_____waswoundedinthewarwascrying.
,,whom
,,that
?

'dlikeacar_____frontlightsarebigandround.

which/asthesameas/that,suchas/that,sothat/as
,theHengShanMountainisfamousforitsbeauty.


.


15.–Didyoupassthefinalexamination?
--No,I’mafraidIhadahardtime,_____isoftenthecase.

,_____canbeseenfromhisskin.

,_____,ofcourse,madethingsevenworse.

.

.
Thiswatchisthesamewatch_____Ilostinthehotel.
,,,,that
.

.


uchanhonestman_____werespect.
9:.
2014高考复****定语从句教案
,,,,whom

ovelyatoybear_______hissonlikeditverymuch.
,,,that