文档介绍：南京师范大学
硕士学位论文
对适度消费观的正义思考
姓名:牛建伟
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:伦理学
指导教师:曹孟勤
2009
摘要

适度消费观是人们在认识到消费主义作为一种价值观给人类带来巨大灾难时
提出的。消费主义最初产生于西方发达资本主义国家,它是伴随着工业革命的完成
而最终形成的。消费主义作为一种价值观念,在现实生活中表现为“大量生产——
大量购买——大量抛弃”的生活方式,其危害尤甚,它不仅使得人被“物”所役,
从而丧失了人自身的主体性,而且酿成了不可逆转的资源环境大破坏——生态危
机。为了走出生态危机的阴影,人类反思自身的存在方式,提出了适度消费的思想
观念。
适度消费思想作为一种崭新的消费观念,是对消费主义的超越,是对吝啬消费
和奢侈消费的恰当调节,也是同可持续发展相适应的消费模式。它的出现,无疑是
给了在生态危机中痛苦挣扎的人们以希望的曙光。但是,目前的适度消费思想缺乏
正义的考量,这主要表现为:它对消费主义的批判存在局限,重经济而轻生态、重
局部而轻整体、重现状而轻历史;它没有对消费不足现象给以应有的重视;它对消
费主体的差异性没有涉及等,正是这些理论上的不足使得适度消费思想并没有能够
完全担负起拯救人类脱离于生态危机苦海之中的重任。
只有在正义规约之下的适度消费才可能是完整的适度消费。合乎正义的适度消
费思想至少应该包含以下几个维度:一是在种际正义下适度消费;二是代际正义下
的适度消费;三是国际正义下的适度消费;四是群际正义下的适度消费。也只有从
多个维度来匡正已有的适度消费观念,才能使之担负起拯救人类脱离危机的重任。

关键词: 消费主义适度消费正义
I
Abstract

The thinking of moderate consumption are aware by people after that the values of
consumerism to human beings as a huge disaster raised. Consumerism generated
initially developed capitalist country in the West, it is panied by pletion of
the industrial revolution and eventually formed. Consumerism as a value, in real life
performance to "mass production-substantial purchase-a large number of abandoned,"
the way of life, the hazards are very very not only makes people were
"objects" of the easement, which lost the person's own subjectivity, but also lead to the
irreversible destruction of environmental resources-ecological crisis. In order to get out
of the shadow of the ecological crisisexistence of human beings to reflect on their own
way of existence, put forward the idea of a moderate consumption.
As a brand-new concept of consumption, moderate consumption of thinking is
beyond consumerism is the mean consumption and extravagant consumption of
appropriate regulation, but also with sustainable development suited to consumption
emergence of a moderate consumption of thinking to the ecological crisis
in the painful struggle of the people has brought a ray of