文档介绍：Technology and Science
Characteristics of Specialty English
Translation Skill
Characteristics of Language Structure :
Nouns (大量使用名词化结构);
Passive sentences (广泛使用被动句);
Non-finite verbs(非限定动词);
Postpositional attributives(后置定语);
Long sentences
科技英语要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容准确、信息量大,常强调存在的事实,而非某一行为,所以大量使用名词化结构。
Nouns (大量使用名词化结构)
The quest to develop puter more intelligent than man has been going for some time now.
科技文章侧重叙事、推理,强调客观、准确,因而大量采用第三人称叙述,使用被动语态。过多使用第一、第二人称,会造成主观臆断的现象。科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动语态。
Passive sentences (广泛使用被动句)
A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.
Occupational safety and health has received increasing attention due to its undeniable influence on economic development and social stability.
由于科技文章要求书写简练、结构紧凑,因而常常使用分词短语代替定语从句;使用分词独立结构代替状语从句或并列分句;使用不定式代替各种从句,“介词+动名词短语”代替定语从句或状语从句。这样,既可缩短句子,又比较醒目。
Non-finite verbs(非限定动词)
Organizational culture is a ponent anizational performance and behavior.
A safety policy is the management ‘s expression of the direction to be followed in anization.
The most important aim of safety management is to maintain and promote workers’ health and safety at work.
大量使用后置定语是科技文章的特点之一。常用的句子结构形式有:介词短语后置、形容词及形容词短语后置、副词后置、定语从句后置。
Postpositional attributives(后置定语)
In small and medium-panies, the safety manager and the safety representative often have other duties besides their health and safety tasks. (介词短语后置)
The safety manager’s role is to act an expert who is aware of the health and safety legislation and other obligations concerning pany. (定语从句后置)
The efforts necessary to assure that sufficient emphasis is placed on system safety are anized into formal programs. (“形容词短语+从句”后置)
Translation Skill Ⅰ— Semantic Extension (翻译技巧Ⅰ——词义引申)
Nouns (词义转译);
Concretizing (词义具体化);
Abstracting(词义抽象化);
(词的搭配)。
词义的引申是指在一个词所具有的原始意义的基础上,根据上下文和逻辑关系进一步加以引申,选择适当确切的目标语词语来表达,避免生搬硬套地逐句死译,使译文更加通顺流畅。值得注意的是,词义的引申不得超出原始意义所允许的范围。
词义转译
翻译时,如果完全生搬硬套字典所给的字面意思,“对号入座”,会使译文生硬晦涩,含糊不清,甚至令人不知所云。因此,遇到一些无法直译的词或词组时,应根据上下文和原词的字面意思,作适