文档介绍：本科毕业论文英文文献
外文题目:Cluster Techniques as a Method to Analyze petitiveness
出处:International Advances in Economic Research
作者:Michael Peneder
原文:
Cluster Techniques as a Method to Analyze petitiveness
Michael Peneder
ABSTRACT
Porter's influential study on petitive advantage of nations inspired a methodologically extended work on Austrian data. In contrast to Porter's analysis, competitiveness is determined endogenously by means of statistical cluster techniques. Avoiding his "cut-off" approach, "well-" and "badly" performing industries are the objects of analysis. The resulting cluster centers constitute the typical pattern petitiveness for the chosen trade indicators, while the classifications produce a "map" of Austrian industrial export results further show that: 1)clustered industries generally are rare in the case of Austria; 2)some of them are located in declining, crisis-shaken sectors; and 3) competitiveness underlines the importance of transnational links (as opposed to narrow national boundaries) for the formation of essful industries. (JEL L10)
INTRODUCTION
Porter's [1990] influential study on petitive advantage of nations inspired this methodologically extended work on Austrian data. Basically building upon Marshall's [1920] insights into the regional concentration of economic activities, Porter strongly emphasizes the importance of industrial clusters, characterized by the presence of essful horizontally related firms, as well as vertically supporting informational structures with significant externalities,petition, lower transaction costs, and cooperation and greater weight in political lobbying feed a self-reinforcing process of petitive advantages and growth (for more details, see Hutschenreiter and Peneder [1994]).
However, a major methodological problem in Porter's analysis--where no cluster techniques in their literal (., statistical) meaning are applied--is its determination petitiveness of diff