文档介绍：Overview of congestive heart failure
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the needs of body. CHF can be increased workload imposed on the heart. CHF is panied by abnormal increases in blood volume and interstitial fluid; the heart, veins, and capillaries are therefore generally dilated with blood. Hence the term “congestive(充血性)” heart failure, since the symptoms include pulmonary congestion with life heart failure, and peripheral edema with right heart failure. Underlying causes of CHF include arteriosclerotic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, valvular heart disease(心瓣膜病), dilated cardiomyopathy(扩张性心肌病), and congenital heart disease(先天性心脏病). Left systolic dysfunction secondary to coronaryartery disease is the mon cause of heart failure.
Treatment of congestive heart failure
Heart Failure
mon pathway for many cardiovascular diseases whose natural history results in symptomatic or asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction
Cardinal manifestations of heart failure include dyspnea, fatigue and fluid retention
Risk of death is 5-10% annually in patients with mild symptoms and increases to as high as 30-40% annually in patients with advanced disease
Main causes
Coronary artery disease
Hypertension
Valvular heart disease (心瓣膜病)
Cardiomyopathy (心肌病)
Cor pulmonale
Compensatory changes in heart failure
Activation of SNS
Activation of RAS
Increased heart rate
Release of ADH
Release of atrial natriuretic peptide心钠素
Chamber enlargement 心室腔扩大
Myocardial hypertrophy 心室肥厚
Classification of heart failure
Class I: No limitation of physical activity
Class II: Slight limitation of physical activity
Class III: Marked limitation of physical activity
Class IV: Unable to carry out physical activity without fort
New classification of heart failure
Stage A: Asymptomatic with no heart damage but have risk factors for heart failure
Stage B: Asymptomatic but have signs of structural heart damage
Stage C: