文档介绍：ounting会计adverseselection逆向选择allocation配置assumption假设average平均 bination消费组合corporation公司cost成本 Ddead—weightsloss重负损失decreasingcostindustry成本递减产业decreasingreturnstoscale规模报酬递减deduction演绎法demand需求demandcurve需求曲线demandelasticity需求弹性demandfunction需求函数demandprice需求价格demandschedule需求表depreciation折旧directapproach直接法directtaxes直接税distribution分配divisionoflabour劳动分工 ost经济成本economicefficiency经济效率economicgoods经济物品economicman经济人exchange交换economics经济学exchangeefficiency交换效率economy经济economyofscale规模经济exclusion排斥性、排他性efficiency效率,效益efficiencyparameter效率参数elasticity弹性entrepreneur企业家eqity公平exchange交换exclusion排斥性、排他性exclusionprinciple排他性原则existence存在性expectation期望expenditure支出externalbenefit外部收益 FFactor要素factordemand要素需求factormarket要素市场factorsofproduction生产要素factorsubstitution要素替代factorsupply要素供给finalgoods最终产品firm企业first—ordercondition一阶条件fixedcosts固定成本fixedinput固定投入flow流量fluctuation波动forwhomtoproduce为谁生产freeentry自由进入freegoods自由品,免费品freerider搭便车,免费搭车function函数futurevalue未来值 Ggeneralgoods一般商品goods货物governmentfailure政府失败governmentregulation政府调控grandutilitypossibilitycurve总效用可能曲线grandutilitypossibilityfrontier总效用可能前沿 Hheterogeneousproduct异质产品household家庭howtoproduce如何生产humancapital人力资本hypothesis假说 oods劣品inflectionpoint拐点information信息informationcost信息成本innovation创新input投入input—output投入—产出institution制度insurance保险interest利息interestrate利息率intermediategoods中间产品invention发明investment投资invisiblehand看不见的手 Llabour劳动labourdemand劳动需求laboursupply劳动供给labourtheoryofvalue劳动价值论labourunions工会laissezfaire自由放任land土地law法则leisure闲暇licenses许可证longrun长期luxury奢侈品 petition垄断竞争monopolisticexploitation垄断剥削monopoly垄断,卖方垄断 NNaturalmonopoly自然垄断Naturalresources自然资源Necessarycondition必要条件necessities必需品normalgoods正常品normalprofit正常利润 Oobjectivefunction目标函数opportunitycost机会成本optimalchoice最佳选择optimalresourceallocation最佳资源配置optimalscale最佳规模optimalsolution最优解optimization优化ordinarygoods一般品output产量、产出 petition纯粹竞争rivalry对抗性、竞争pureexchange纯交换puremonopoly纯粹垄断 Rrationality理性regulation调节,调控relativeprice相对价格rent租金rentcontrol规模报酬resourc