文档介绍：PartIII:ExpressionoftheGenomeCh12:MechanismsoftranscriptionCh13:RNAsplicingCh14:TranslationCh15:odeDNARNAproteintranslationDate1Chapter14:Translation*2Whatistranslation?--icinformationcontainedinmessengerRNA(mRNA):ethem?anizationofnucleotidesequenceinformationinmRNA?WhatisthestructureoftRNAs,andhowdoaminoacyltRNAsynthetasesrecognizeandattachthecorrectaminoacidstoeachtRNA?Howdoestheribosomeorchestratethetranslationprocess?Date4TranslationextremelycostsInrapidgrowingbacterialcells,proteinsynthesisconsumes80%ofthecell’senergy50%ofthecell’sdryweightWhy?(translator),(~5%oftotalcellularRNA)tRNAs(~15%)aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetases(氨酰tRNA合成酶)ribosomes(~100proteinsand3-4rRNAs--~80%)opics1-4:ponentsoftranslationmachinery. T1-mRNA;T2-tRNA;T3-AttachmentofaminoacidstotRNA(aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetases);T4-TheribosomeTopic5-6:Translationprocess. T5-initiation;T6-elongation;T7-:Translation-dependentregulationofmRNAandproteinstabilityDate8Topic1:-codingregionofthemRNAconsistsofanorderedseriesof3-nt--posedofacontiguous,non-overlappingstringofcodonscalledanopeningreadingframe(ORF).