文档介绍：河南大学
硕士学位论文
农村初中数学学业优秀生与学困生应用题解题方式的比较研究
姓名:任媛媛
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:基础心理学
指导教师:刘亚丽
2011-06
摘要
应用题的求解,是影响初中生数学成绩的主要因素,是学优生与学困生数学成绩差
别之所在。本研究是在前人的研究基础上,从对应用题的整体认识、基础知识对于解题
的影响以及解题过程中的影响因素等进行了探讨,最后整合了七种影响应用题解题的认
知与元认知因素,得出了学优生与学困生在应用题求解上的差异,以及导致这种差异产
生的原因。
实验一研究了对应用题的整体认识,大部分农村初中学生能认识到求解应用题所需
的各方面知识和能力,但不同类别和年级之间存在差异,高年级学生及学优生相比低年
级及学困生对应用题有着较为清晰和全面的认识。
实验二研究了基础知识对于求解应用题的影响。基础知识对于求解应用题的影响不
显著,各年级学困生与学优生之间基础知识掌握方面差异不同,高年级两类学生之间的
差异较小。
实验三研究了解题过程中各方面的差异。学困生在短时记忆及复述方面表现不如学
优生,但差异不显著;信息表征方面,学困生主要采用直接转换策略,学优生则采用问
题模型策略的较多;计算技能方面,低年级两类学生之间的差异显著,随着年级的增加
差异性减小;自我评价方面学优生的表现好于学困生,此外,研究发现,通过增加题目
的信息量可有效提升学困生在短时记忆、自我评价方面的表现。
实验四综合研究了七种影响应用题解题的认知与元认知因素,对应用题求解涉及到
的各个因素进行了相关性分析,其中元认知因素之间达到了极显著相关,其它因素之间
随着年级的不同,之间的相关性不同。采用多元逐步回归和通径分析研究了各个因素对
于不同类别农村初中学生解题成绩的影响,建立了相应的逐步回归预测模型。

关键词:应用题,数学学困生,数学学优生,问题解决,元认知
IV
Abstract
Solving word problems was the main factors affect the mathematics achievement,which was also the
difference between excellent students and poor students. This study was based on previous studies, overall
understanding of word problems, basic knowledge for problem solving and problem-solving process of
influencing factors were studied, Finally, seven cognition and metacognition performance factors were
studied. And obtained the causes and the difference in solving problems between excellent students and
poor students.
Experiment one studied the overall understanding of application questions. The majority of rural
junior high school students could recognize the necessary knowledge and ability which would be used in
solving word problems. However, it was different between different categories and grade. High school
students and excellent students have a relatively clear prehensive understanding than lower grades
and poor students.
Second experiment studied the basic knowledge for solving application questions. Basic knowledge
for solving word problems was not significant,Different grade is different in masterin