文档介绍：考研英语【定语从句】经典例句剖析
1. Active learning, in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor, is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn.
【参考译文】主动学****即学生们写文章或做试验，然后让一位老师评定她们作业，对那些还没有完全学会怎样学****学生来说要更为有益得多。
【结构分析】该句可分为两大部分：Active learning, (in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor,)is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to ，括号里内容是介词+which模式定语从句；主句主语是Active learning，谓语是is，表语是beneficial，far more是状语，其中far是程度副词，相当于much，for those是状语，其后who引导定语从句中，主语是who，谓体是have not yet fully learned，宾语结构是how to learn。括号内定语从句修饰前面Active learning，由三部分组成，即or„and连接三个并列句，第一个并列句主语是students，谓语是write，宾语是essays，第二个并列句谓语是perform，宾语是experiments，第三个并列句谓语是have．．．evaluated，宾语是work，by an instructor是状语结构。
【知识链接】 active主动；essay文章；perform an experiment做试验；evaluate评定instructor指导者，老师；be beneficial for．．．对„„有益。
2. The American version of the "ideal individual" prefers an atmosphere of freedom, where neither the government nor any other external force or agency dictates what the individual does.
【参考译文】美国版“理想个人”更喜爱一个自由气氛，在这种气氛中政府或任何别外部力量全部不会强行要求个人该做什么。
【结构分析】该句可分为两大部分：(The American version of the "ideal individual" prefers an atmosphere of freedom,)(where neither the government nor any other external force or agency dictates what the individual does.)，第一部分是主句，第二部分是以where引导非限定定语从句，修饰前面atmosphere；主句主语是The American version，谓语是prefers，宾语是an atmosphere，of the“ideal individual”作version后定语，of freedom作atmosphere后定语；第二部分主语是由
neither．．．nor„or．．．连接并列名词短语，谓语是dictates，宾语是what引导从句。
【知识链接】 version版本；ideal理想；prefer更喜爱，联想记忆：prefer．．．to．．．宁要„„而不要„„；atmosphere气氛；external外部，联想记忆：internal内部；agency机构；dictate命令，强制要求。
3. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entitles directed against each other, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entitles independently striving for something which is in inadequ