文档介绍：专题九 非谓语动词
一、非谓语动词的定义
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。
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二、非谓语动词的句法功能
成分
形式
主语
宾语
宾补
表语
定语
状语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
分词
√
√
√
√
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【考点一】考查非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语
动词
时态
主动
语态
被动
语态
动词不
定式
一般时(表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生, 或在其后发生)
to do
to be
done
进行时(表示动作和谓语动作同时发生)
to be doing
完成时(表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)
to have done
to have
been done
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动名词
一般时(通常表示一般性的动作或与谓语动作同时发生)
doing
being done
完成时(动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前)
having
done
having been
done
现在分词
一般时(表示分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生)
doing
being done
完成时(表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前)
having
done
having been
done
过去分词
过去分词无人称和数的变化,也没有时态和语态的变化
done
.
She regrets not having studied the puter hard.
Having done their homework, the boy went home.
They stood there, talking.
I am used to watching TV in the evening.
He is said to be playing a part in the film.
The novel was said to have been published.
His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.
【考点二】考查非谓语动词用作主语
(1)不定式作主语：侧重于动作的具体性和将来性，还可以用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。一般用it作形式主语，主语的不定式短语后置。
(2)动名词作主语：通常表示抽象动作，还可以表示一件已知的事或经验。动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
注意：动名词作主语时，常用it作形式主语，用于以下句型：
It is no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a good pleasure ... +doing
It is useless/good/worthwhile ... +doing
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It is not very good for you to smoke so much.（具体）
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
It is fun playing chess with Jack.
I don’t mind Jack (him) going.
Their ing to help was a great.
There is no denying that she is very efficient.
【考点三】考查非谓语动词用作状语
(1)不定式作状语
①不定式作目的状语：in order (not) to（可放在句首,也可放在句中）；so as (not) to（只能放在句中）。
②不定式作结果状语（出人意料的结果）：too ...to, enough to, （only） to, so + adj./adv.+as to等。
“Can the project be finished as planned?” “Sure, to get it pleted in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.”
He hurried to the station （only） to find that the train had left.
③不定式作原因状语：用在表示心理感觉的形容词后，说明产生这种情绪的原因。
I’m very glad to see you.
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(2)现在分词作状语
①分词可在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果(顺其自