文档介绍：替替代代 1 1导导语语替代( 替代( Substitution Substitution )和省略一样,也是一)和省略一样,也是一种避免重复和连接上下文的手段。替代种避免重复和连接上下文的手段。替代包括名包括名词性替代词性替代(Nominal substitution) (Nominal substitution) 、动词性替代、动词性替代(Verbal substitution) (Verbal substitution) 和分句性替代和分句性替代(Clausal (Clausal substitution) substitution) 。因此有三种替代词:名词替代词、。因此有三种替代词:名词替代词、动词替代词和分句替代词。动词替代词和分句替代词。 2 21. 1. 名词性替代名词性替代用替代词取代名词词组或名词词组用替代词取代名词词组或名词词组中心词这一语法现象叫名词性替代。中心词这一语法现象叫名词性替代。名词替代词主要为名词替代词主要为 one/ ones, one/ ones, 还有还有 the the same, the kind, the sort same, the kind, the sort 等。等。 3 3 1. 1. A A替代词替代词 one/ ones one/ ones 的用法的用法 1)替代词 1)替代词 one/ ones one/ ones 只能替代单数/复数可数名只能替代单数/复数可数名词。例如: 词。例如: There are good films as well as bad ones. (ones = There are good films as well as bad ones. (ones = films) films) They sent us a lot of small apples instead of big They sent us a lot of small apples instead of big ones. (ones = apples) ones. (ones = apples) 如果名词词组中心词是不可数名词,就不能如果名词词组中心词是不可数名词,就不能用用 one/ ones one/ ones 替代,要避免重复,通常采用名词性替代,要避免重复,通常采用名词性省略省略: : We prefer green tea to black (tea). We prefer green tea to black (tea). I like fresh candy better than stale (candy). I like fresh candy better than stale (candy). 4 4 2 2)替代词)替代词 one/ ones one/ ones 和它们所替代的名词词组中心和它们所替代的名词词组中心词的词的““数数””可以不一致。例如: 可以不一致。例如: I prefer the candy bottle to the small ones. I prefer the candy bottle to the small ones. Compare the new edition with the old ones. Compare the new edition with the old ones. 3 3)替代词)替代词 one/ ones one/ ones 和它们所替代的名词词组中心和它们所替代的名词词组中心词在句法功能上也可能不一致。例如: 词在句法功能上也可能不一致。例如: Do you see those gentlemen over there? The one Do you see those gentlemen over there? The one with grey hair is my father. with grey hair is my father. A: If only I could remember where it was that I A: If only I could remember where it was that I saw someone putting away the box with those saw someone putting away the box with those candles in, I could finish the decoration