文档介绍：第一节准确选择词义
一、根据词类确定词义
以right一词以例。它有以下几种词类:
形容词:正确的、对的、恰当的、正常的,等
副词:直接地、顺利地、公正地,等
名词:正确、公正、正义,等
动词:扶直、整理、纠正、为……申冤,等
1. And not only has won, but because it has won, has been in the right. (side)(形容词)
它(指发动战争的国家)不仅取得了战争的胜利,而且正因为它胜利,就成为了正义的一方。(胜者王侯败者贼)
2. For that is what going to war means, it means saying that might is right. (名词)
因为这就是进行战争(诉诸武力)意味着什么,它就意味着说:“强权就是公理”。
3. She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery. (动词)
她尽力为她丈夫被控抢劫申冤。
4. You are quite right to refuse.(形容词)
你拒绝是完全正确的。
5. All came right in the end.(副词)
结果一切顺利。
试译下列句子,注意词类的选择:
1. With over billion people, a united, prosperous China will dwarf her Asian neighbors. (n-v)
一个拥有12亿多人口,统一的、繁荣昌盛的中国雄居亚洲将令其所有邻国相形见绌。
2. The union had very little say in the new pay agreement. (v-n)
工会在新制定的工资协议中很少有发言权。
3. The pole-vaulter bettered the world record by six inches. (adj-v)
这位撑杆跳运动员刷新世界纪录6英寸。
二、根据语境确定词义
(一)上下文(verbal context)
1. We hope Mr. White will not forget himself, gone are the days when a representative of a large country in UN. may do whatever he likes.
(说话人对句中人物的态度是贬意的,语气是警告的语气。)
译为:我们希望怀特先生不要忘乎所以,在联合国里一个大国代表可以为所欲为的日子已经一去不复返了。
2. We hope that our most respected Secretary General will not forget himself, his poor health is known to everybody.
(说话人对句中人物的态度是褒意的,语气是关怀规劝的。)
译为:我们希望最可敬的秘书长先生不要过于操劳(劳累过度,忘我工作),要多多保重,他的健康状况欠佳是从所周知的。
(二)地点(place)
1. The boy is drawing a car