文档介绍：庆祝二甲双胍（格华止）临床研究和应用50年
二甲双胍金标准
全球范围内曾经用约400多种草药或植物源性物质来治疗糖尿病
(2005) Goat’s rue – French lilac – Italian fitch –Spanin) in the management of diabetes. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 80, 773-778
(1960) Clinical evaluation of phenformin (DBI) in office practice. Journal of the American Medical Association, 174, 474-480
(2004) Metformin in obstetric and gynecologic practice: areview. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 59, 118-127
UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. (199) Efficet of intensive blood glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet, 352, 854-865
二甲双胍（格华止）前进所面临的挑战及结果
在以胰岛素或胰岛素促分泌剂为主流的糖尿病治疗时代，Sterne、Aron及Aron实验室继承人充满热情、坚持和科学的态度使二甲双胍（格华止）积累了宝贵的财富，取得了今天的成功
Sterne 的遗产
二甲双胍
胰岛素
葡萄糖
包括抑制线粒体呼吸链、增加胰岛素受体酪氨酸受体激酶活性、促进葡萄糖运转子-4向胞膜转运、促进已去除了细胞内成分的卵母细胞内糖原合成酶的活性、激活AMP蛋白激酶等。
(2000) Evidence tha metforiin exerts its anti-diabetic effects through inhibition of complex 1 fothe mitochondrial respiratory chain. Biochemical Journal, 348, 607-614; (2002) Obligatory role fo membrane events in the regularoty effect of metformin on the respiratory chain fuction. Biochemical Pharmacology, 63, 1259-1272; 2003) Reducing insulin resistance with metformin: the evidence today. Diabetes & Metabolism, 29, 6S28-6S35; (1993) In vivo metformin treatment ameliorates insulin resistance: evidence for potentiation fo insulin-reduced translocation and increased functioanl activity of glucose transporters in obese (fa/fa) Zuker rat adipocytes. Endocrinology, 133, 304-311; (1998) Potentiation effect of metformin on insulin-induced glycogen uptake and glycogen metabolism within xenopus oocytes. Diabetologia, 41. 2-8; (2002) Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 51, 2074-2081
二甲双胍（格华止）影响膜性结构功能
以改善胰岛素抵抗的机制
二甲双胍对健康受试者和接受口服抗糖尿病药物治疗的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者红细胞膜流动性的影响
大量的研究显示，二甲双胍可以增加人细胞膜的流动性
(1997) Action of metformin on erythrocyte memb