文档介绍：英国品诚梅森律师事务所合伙人
张晓慧
2021 02 19
从多维角度看国际PPP/BOT工程
*
演讲者介绍
张晓慧 Ellen Zhang
合伙人北京
同时具备英格兰与威尔士执业律师执业资格与中国法律tual arrangement between the public sector and a private entity to provide a public service (not an asset) based on:
PPP根本性质是公共机构跟私营企业为了提供指定的公共效劳〔而非提供资产〕而成立的合同关系，主要基于以下特征:
Substantial risk transfer to the private sector;
重要风险承担从公共机构往私营企业转移
An output specification stating the desired output quality and quantity;
效劳标准书，规定私营企业需要到达的效劳性质与标准
Performance related rewards (payment depends on standards being met); and
回报与效劳挂钩〔私营企业的收费取决于效劳是否符合标准〕
Whole life costing (a balance between construction and maintenance costs)
整个工程期间的预算费用〔建造费用与维修费用的权衡〕
*
Sectors where PPP has been successful至今成功采用过PPP模式的行业
PPPs have been successful in many sectors where service outputs can be described objectively and are capable of verification
PPP被成功应用于众多行业，在这些行业中，效劳标准和标准能够 (i) 客观地被界定, 且 (ii) 能被检验
PPPs are suitable for both primary and social infrastructure although in emerging markets generally limited to primary infrastructure (power, water and transportation).
PPP适用于经济性根底设施与社会性根底设施，但在新兴市场国家PPP的使用通常限于根底设施〔电能，饮用水，交通等设施〕
Not suitable where technology is likely to change rapidly over the life of the contract (so PPPs in the IT sector are generally not considered to have been successful)
PPP不适用于技术将在合同期间变革较快的行业。因此至今在IT行业的PPP工程通常被认为是不成功的
*
Factors Influencing PPP Model SuccessPPP工程成功因素
Pipeline
整个行业的工程采购规划
Integration with the fiscal management of the jurisdiction
PPP工程应该与地方财政管理体制相结合
Strong institutional framework (including a strong PPP unit and the necessary legal framework)
健全的组织架构〔包括专门做PPP工程的政府部门或组织和必要的法律架构〕
An influential “champion〞 and political support essential (as line ministries are comfortable with traditional procurement)
有实力的PPP支持者与政治支持〔在有些国家，政府部门因为对传统采购模式很熟悉所以可能会对PPP模式有消极态度〕
*
Factors Influencing PPP Model SuccessPPP工程成功因素
A suitable regulatory environment and competent regulators
适当的