文档介绍：1 1. 翻译的定义和内涵:( Definition and Connotation ) Translation is an art/ science/craft? 2 .中国几位翻译家的理论( influential translation principles ) 严复:信达雅— faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance. The “ three character guide ” is regarded asa plumb-line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating. 傅雷: 神似— spiritual conformity, Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original. 强调原作神韵再现。钱钟书:化境— sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator ’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader. 刘重德:信、达、切— faithfulness / expressiveness / closeness. 3 .中国翻译史上的论争鲁迅: 宁信而不顺---rather to be faithful than smooth 。目的:引入英文句式的表达法梁实秋、赵景深: 宁顺而不信---rather to be smooth than faithful 目的:可读性强,便于交流。 4 .直译与意译直译: literal translation ;意译: free translation 直译的例子: crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼泪; armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿; chain reaction 连锁反应; gentlemen ’s agreement 君子协定 one country, two systems 一国两制; The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流; paper tiger 纸老虎; Breath one ’s last 断气; go to one ’s external rest 安息; the long sleep 长眠; see Marx 见马克思; go west 上西天; go to heaven 上天堂; blow out the candles 吹灯拔蜡; kick the bucket 蹬腿: You can kick everything but you can not kick the bucket 直译不等于死译(dead translation): 街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生。 Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning. “ In the street ” should be replaced by“ in munity ”. 她一大早起床,进城, 见到了她的公爹