文档介绍：华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
董仲舒人性论发微
姓名:贺良川
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:中国哲学
指导教师:唐琳
20080603
华中科技大学硕士学位论文
摘要
董仲舒人性论承前启后,影响深远,它与董仲舒所处时代文化、政治、社会状
况密切相关。董仲舒人性论针对待教而善的中民之性而言,潜在善质的性如何转化
成现实的善是其人性论所要解决的核心问题。一方面,董仲舒站在前人论性的基础
上,以《春秋》公羊学为主干,通过天意确定了情性与阴阳等之间的对应,认为人
性有善质而尚未善,需要“待教而为善”;另一方面,代表天意的“天子”成为施行
教化的主体,按照天意——世间的伦理纲常等进行教化,将中民之性引导至“善”。
董仲舒人性论着力要解决教化的必要性和可行性问题,他不单在讨论人性善恶,它
同时是一种教化论。人间现世的君王代替圣人担当起教化重任,人经过王教之化后
欲达到的状态不是人人成为圣人,而是“人皆有士君子之行”。董仲舒人性论是其政
治哲学的重要环节,“屈民以伸君,屈君以伸天”贯穿并彰显于他的人性论,董仲舒
力图建构一个美好的政治社会图景,同时着力为人间王权的合法性做理论上的辩护。
本文力图从时代背景、天人架构、人性论史等多重视域来对董仲舒人性论进行梳理
和解读。

关键词: 董仲舒天性民王教

I
华中科技大学硕士学位论文
Abstract
Tung Chungshu’s theory of human nature has a profound influence in the history of
Chinese philosophy. His theory is related to the culture, politics and society circumstance
of his time. His theory of human nature based on the nature of man who should be
educated in order to be goodness. How does the basic stuff of goodness transform to the
actual goodness is the core question that must be resolved. On one hand, Tung Chungshu
thought that human nature has the basic stuff of goodness and must be educated to be good.
On the other hand, the King, as the subject of moral instruction, has to educate men to be
good follow the will of heaven in different ways. What Tung Chungshu’s theory of human
nature tries to resolve are the necessity and feasibility of moral instruction, it doesn’t just
discuss that human nature is good or evil; but it’s also a theory of instruction. The aim of
moral instruction is not that everyone es a sage, but to be a superior man. Tung
Chungshu’s theory of human nature is the important part of his political philosophy; he
tries to construct an ideal social blueprint based on it. This thesis tries to give a
preliminary analysis of Tung Chungshu’s theory of human nature under the background of
the history of human nature theory, and to probe Tung Chungshu’s political philosophy at
the standpoint of