文档介绍：Chapter 8
The Instruments of Trade Policy
(continue)
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Last time we have learned the roles of tariffs, how to value the protection of tariffs?
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一、Costs and Benefits of a Tariff
(关税的成本和收益)
The result of imposing a tariff
A tariff raises the price of a good in the importing country and lowers it in the exporting country.
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As a result of these price changes:
Consumers lose in the importing country and gain in the exporting country
Producers gain in the importing country and lose in the exporting country
Government imposing the tariff gains revenue
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To measure pare these costs and benefits, we need to define consumer and producer surplus first.
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Consumer surplus and Producer surplus
Consumer surplus(消费者剩余)
It measures the amount a consumer gains from a purchase by the difference between the price he actually pays and the price he would have been willing to pay.
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Figure 8-7: Geometry of Consumer Surplus
a
b
P1
P2
D
Price, P
Quantity, Q
Q2
Q1
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Producer surplus (生产者剩余)
It measures the amount a producer gains from a sale by the difference between the price he actually receives and the price at which he would have been willing to sell.
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