文档介绍：华中科技大学硕士学位论文
摘要
船舶推进轴系的振动测试是船舶检测的一项重要内容,只要当振动检测满足要
求时,船舶轴系的设计方案才能获得批准。
本文介绍了船舶轴系振动检测装置的研究意义,以及研究与发展的状况。同时
讨论了单自由度系统和多自由度系统的振动理论知识。在理论知识的基础上对轴系
进行模型的简化计算,得到轴系的计算参数如刚度、阻尼等。理论计算往往会存在
较大的误差,必需以实际的测量数据来进行校正。本文还介绍了扭振、回旋振动的
测量技术、传感器的选择、激振器的类型。具体研究了船舶轴系振动检测仪的硬件、
软件设计。振动测量技术包括信号的采集原理、信号的预处理方法、A/D 转换技术
以及信号分析处理的方法。
在振动检测装置系统的设计中我们以 PC 机为主控,通过串口向单片机发送指令
信息,控制单片机按照界面选择项进行相应的操作。轴系的扭振、纵振和回旋振动
的数据采集程序事先已经固化在单片机的 RAM 中。单片机控制 CPLD(复杂的可编
程逻辑器件)进行数据的处理,这样可以节约硬件资源和电路的延迟时间。该系统使
用光电编码器实现扭振信号采集;电涡流传感器实现回旋信号实时精确的采集;
FLASH 实现数据文件的大量存储; USB 接口实现单片机与 PC 机之间的高速数据传
输。本文完成了模拟扭振实验项目、扭转振动激励的设计。
关键词:船舶轴系振动测量信号处理
I
华中科技大学硕士学位论文
Abstract
The vibration test of the marine propulsion shafting is an important part of Ship
detection. The design proposal of the marine propulsion shafting wins approval only if the
testing of vibration satisfies the requirements.
This paper introduces the research significance of vibration testing device, and the
domestic and international researches and development condition. Besides, it discusses the
knowledge of single freedom system and two free-dimensions. On the basis of theoretical
knowledge of the shaft model simplified calculation, get the shaft is calculated parameters
such as stiffness and damping, etc. The theoretical calculations tend to biggish error with
the actual measurement, necessary data for correction. This paper also introduces the
technique of measurement of torsional vibration and whirling vibration of shafting, the
selection of sensor and the type of vibrator. Then the paper concretely studies design of
hardware and software in the vibration detector. The technique of measurement on
vibration consists of the principle of signal collection, preprocessing methods of the signal,
A/D conversion technology, and mon methods of signal analysis and processing.
In the design of the vibration system, we take PC as main controller, through a serial
port, and then mands to RAM information monitori