文档介绍：先天性心脏病先天性心脏病Congenital Heart Disease Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)(CHD)Dept. Pediatric of 2nd Xiangya Hospital of CSUWang Cheng中南大学儿科学教研室第十三章概述概述OverviewCHD is defined as an abnormality in circulatory structure or function that is present at birth, even if it is discovered much later CHD is present in % in China先天性心脏病是胎儿时期心脏血管发育异常而导致的先天性畸形出生后出生后11‰‰By the progression of all kinds of inspection techniques and interventional therapy, the prognosis of CHD has taken on a new look. 概述概述Overview由于各种心血管检查技术(特别是彩色多普勒超声心动图)的应用,深低温麻醉和体外循环下心内直视手术的发展,先心病介入性治疗进展,临床上对先心病的诊断和治疗发生了很大变化,预后大为改观。目的要求目的要求Objective and Request●掌握室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、法洛四联症的血流动力学、临床表现及常见并发症To master the hemodynamics and clinical situation and the diagnosis plications in VSD, ASD, PDA and TOF 熟悉先天性心脏病的病因、分类、预防及治疗原则Familiar with the etiologyand classification of CHD●病因病因Etiology ●遗传因素(内在因素) 与基因突变、ic factor (internal factor)CHD result from gene mutation or chromosome aberration●环境因素(外界因素) 与宫内病毒感染有关Environmental factor (external factor)CHD is mainly correlation to the intrauterine infection预防预防Prevention 加强孕妇保健The health protection of pregnant woman should be enhanced避免接触药物、辐射等高危因素High risk factors should be avoided 妊娠早期适量补充叶酸Suit dosage Folic Acid should be filled up in early pregnancy stage分类分类Classification ●左向右分流型(潜在青紫型)left-to-right shunts (noncyanosis) ●右向左分流型(青紫型) right-to-left shunts (cyanosis) ●无分流型(无青紫型) non shunts (noncyanosis) mon CHD in Clinic●室间隔缺损Ventricular septal defect (VSD)●房间隔缺损Atrialseptal defect (ASD)●动脉导管未闭Patent ductusarteriosus(PDA)●法洛四联症Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)室间隔缺损Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)室间隔缺损血流动力学示意图Hemodynamics Figure of VSDPVSVCRAPAIVCRVPVLAAOLV肺静脉上腔静脉右心房肺动脉下腔静脉右心室肺静脉左心房主动脉左心室VSDmurmur