文档介绍：The Characteristics and Developing Trends of Higher
Vocational Education in Foreign Countries
Bi Jiaju
(Graduate School of Tongji University, Shanghai 200092)
外国高等职业教育的特点和发展趋势
毕家驹
(同济大学研究生院,上海,200092)
摘要:简要介绍了澳大利亚、日本、英国和美国等国高等职业教育的基本制度。详细分析和归纳了国际高等职业教育的特点和发展趋势。特别指出现代职业教育已经或即将不再是低端学生的权宜出路,而同样是通向高新技术世界和挑战型事业的途径。
关键词:职业教育;外国教育;学历与学位;高等教育质量保证
Abstract: The basic systems of higher vocational education in foreign countries such as Australia, Japan, United Kingdom and United States are introduced briefly. The international characteristics and developing trends of higher vocational education are analysed and summarized in detail. It is presented especially that the modern vocational education is or will soon be no longer an expedient measure for low-grade students, and is ing a way leading to the higher and new technological world and challenging careers.
Key words: vocational education; education in foreign countries; academic qualifications and degrees; quality assurance in higher education
职业教育一般涵盖中等教育的高端和高等教育的低端。本文所涉及的基本上是其中的高等职业教育部分[1-3]。
在澳大利亚,它被称为职业教育和培训(vocational education and training, 即VET)。其中包括公立学校提供的技术与进修教育(technical and further education, 即TAFE)和私立教学机构提供的职业教育等。职业教育只有非学位的授予权, 例如:证书I ,证书II,证书 III,证书 IV,文凭,高等文凭,研究生证书,和研究生文凭等。实际上授予最多的是证书II和证书III。
在日本,职业教育机构统称为专修学校。其中高等专修学校相当于高中层次。专门学校则属高等学校范畴,仅次于大学,学制1-4年,可授专门士学位。
职业教育在美国的正式名称是职业与技术教育(career and technical ed