市场化进程丶人力资本投资与欠发达国家长期经济增长.doc

文档介绍：市场化进程丶人力资本投资与欠发达国家长期经济增长
宏观经济学专题
市场化进程、人力资本投资与欠发达国家长期经济增长

Investments on Human Capital, Market-orientation and
Long-run Economic Growth of Undeveloped Countries
Key words: Human capital, Market-orientation , Technological progress, Endogenous growth, Steady state
JEL Classification: E220;I280;O110
本项研究受国家自然科学基金(编号:10102023)的资助,特此致谢。
宏观经济学
市场化进程、人力资本投资与欠发达国家长期经济增长*
内容提要: 欠发达国家劳动力掌握的生产技术与发达国家总体上有几十年的差距,是生产率相对低下的主要原因,劳动力人力资本投资——营养、医疗、教育和培训的投入,是内化先进生产技术的最重要途径。本文实证检验发现,人力资本投资与市场化程度存在指数函数关系,基于此建立欠发达国家长期经济增长模型,获得全局稳固的稳态解。这里的模型说明了,市场化进程不但有存量效应,而且还有增量效应
——市场化进程为存量资本的更有效配置打开空间。增量效应对欠发达国家意义重大,因为市场化进程提高了存量人力资本和物质资本的生产效率,可以加快经济增长。
关键词: 人力资本市场化技术进步内生增长稳定状态
Investments on Human Capital, Market-orientation and
Long-run Economic Growth of Undeveloped Countries
Abstract: In general, the production technologies in undeveloped countries are several decades behind those of developed ones. Investments on human capital—input in nutrition, medical cares, educational and training services—are main ways to improve production technologies of labor forces. Based on empirical tests, this article finds that investments on human capital are exponentially related to the degree of market-orientation. Then an endogenous growth model for undeveloped countries is constructed and a globally stable state is obtained. This model shows both the “stock effects” and “incremental effects” of market-orientation. The incremental effects are especially significant to undeveloped countries for the following reason: advances of market-orientation improve the production efficiency of present both human capital and physical capital, so economic growth is accelerated.
Key words: Human capital, Market-orientation , Technological progress, Endogenous growth, Steady state
引言
当今世界有60亿人口中有45亿人生活在下中等和低收入地区。如何解决这些欠发达国家和地区经济的长期增长问题,是一个十分有意义的课题。
现有的主流经济增长3>理论大致可分为两大类:新古典增长理论(Solow,1956;Cass,1965)和新经济增长理论(Romer,1986;Lucas,1988;Barro,1991;Romer,1990;Grossman and Helpman,1991;Aghion and Howitt,1992)。