文档介绍：上海交通大学
硕士学位论文
基于数量折扣的零售商最优订购策略研究
姓名:陈煦琳
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:企业管理
指导教师:任建标
20091201
基于数量折扣的零售商最优订购策略研究
摘要

供应商为了激励零售商增加订货量,通常采取一种广泛使用的方法—
—数量折扣优惠策略。如果零售商为享受折扣优惠盲目增加订购量,则可
能造成库存积压;反之如果为了规避库存积压风险而盲目减少订购量,则
可能因缺货而流失重要客户。因此,为了合理平衡风险和收益,零售商需
要科学地制定订购策略。
本研究假设零售商面对的需求服从随机分布,分别考虑全部数量折扣
契约和累进数量折扣契约下零售商单周期订购情形,推导出单周期最优订
购策略,并根据动态规划的思想,通过数值模拟将单周期情形推广到多周
期情形,得到多周期最优订购策略,并最终得出零售商无限周期订购情形
下收敛的最优订购策略,从而为零售商制定短期、中期和长期订购策略提
供参考。
此外,本研究对比了零售商在两种数量折扣契约下多周期订购的总成
本,以及无限周期订购时的最优订购策略,研究表明累进数量折扣契约下
的最优订购策略与全部数量折扣契约下的最优订购策略相比,对初始库存
位置的变化更加敏感,同时零售商承担的风险也相对更大。

关键词供应链,随机需求,数量折扣,订购策略
II
A RESEARCH ON RETAILER’S OPTIMAL ORDERING
POLICY UNDER QUANTITY DISCOUNT POLICY

ABSTRACT

In order to motivate buyers to increase their order quantity, suppliers often
rely on a well established and widely used approach – they offer quantity
discounts. Retailers’ overstock cost will increase due to demand uncertainty if
ordering excessively while enjoying the benefit from the quantity discount
policy, however, retailers will lose key customers if ordering insufficiently and
e out of stock. So to realize perfect balance between risk and profit, it’s
extremely important for retailers to determine ordering policies.
This research studied a buyer facing stochastic end-item demand and a
supplier offering quantity discount to him, and derived buyer's single-period
optimal ordering policy by minimizing buyer's single-period total cost in case of
ordering under all-unit quantity discount and incremental quantity discount
contract respectively. To derive buyer’s multi-period optimal ordering policy, a
numeric experiment is conducted according to dynamic programming under a
given set of parameters, and finally discovered buyer's infinite horizon optimal
ordering policy is convergent. It’s helpful for buyers to refer to the optimal
ordering policies in making short-term, mid-term or long-term ordering policy.
Besides, buyer's t