文档介绍：翻译概论翻译概论?1 翻译的定义( definition ) ?2 翻译的目的( purpose ) ?3 翻译的意义( meaning ) ?4 翻译的标准( criteria ) ?5 翻译的条件( conditions ) ?6 翻译的分类( classification ) ?7 翻译的方法( methods ) ?8 翻译的步骤( steps ) 1. The definition of translation 1. The definition of translation ?《辞海》:把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来?一种语言符号解释另一种语言符号? Oxford: to turn from one language into another ? Webster: to turn into one ’ s own or another language ? Catford: The replacement of textual material in one language ( SL ) by equivalent textual material in another language ( TL ). ?翻译是把一种语言(源语) 的文字材料替换成另一种语言(目标语)的对等(equivalence) 的文字材料? Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. ?奈达 Nida: 所谓翻译,是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息,首先在语义上,其次是文体上。?是一种语言活动,是“把一种语言表达的思维内容忠实地用另一种语言表达出来的语言活动”,它包含着一个对原文含义的理解逐步深入,对原文含义的表达逐步完善的过程(古今明) 有关翻译的言论: ?意大利谚语: Traduttore, traditore. 翻译即叛逆。?翻译好像女人,忠实的不漂亮,漂亮的不忠实?理想的译者应成为一块玻璃,透明得让读者感觉不到他的存在(果戈理) ?把翻译看作是“译者摆布文本的一个过程”( Susan t ) 关于译者的比喻: ? A courier of the human spirits (普希金) ? A sculptor who tries to recreate a work of painting ? A musician / an actor ? Traduttori-traditori (Translators are traitors.) 2. The purpose of translation 2. The purpose of translation ?交流信息,克服语言障碍?学习其他语言的文化和文明,帮助向更高的文明发展?帮助经济、政治等各方面的交流和发展?特定文本的翻译具有其特定的目的,有其预设的读者群? Translatability and untranslatability (Language / Cultural Barriers) Translatability is lower when (1) the work to be translated is quite distant both in time and space; (2) its form is very much unique; (3) the content is not shared in the two cultures. 3. The meaning of translation 3. The meaning of translation ?尤金·奈达 Eugene Nida :翻译是“人们所能从事的最复杂的脑力劳动”。