文档介绍：Chapter15 GlycolysisandtheCatabolismofHexosesAnoverviewonD-anisms,G'o=–2840kJ/pletelyoxidizedtoCO2andH2Oviatheglycolysispathway,citricacidcycleandoxidativephosphorylation(generatingATP).CanalsobeoxidizedtomakeNADPHandribose-5-(glycogenorstarch),includingaminoacids,nucleotides,fattyacids,,EduardBuchner(Germany),accidentalobservation:sucrose(asapreservative)wasrapidlyfermentedintoalcoholbycell-(.,thevitalisticdogma)wasshakenandBiochemistrywasborn:Metabolismbecamechemistry!1900s,ArthurHardenandWilliamYoungPiisneededforyeastjuicetofermentglucose,ahexosediphosphate(fructose1,6-bisphosphate),ArthurHardenandWilliamYoung(GreatBritain)separatedtheyeastjuiceintotwofractions:oneheat-labile,nondialyzablezymase(enzymes)andtheotherheat-stable,dialyzablecozymase(metalions,ATP,ADP,NAD+).1910s-1930s,GustavEmbdenandOttoMeyerhof(Germany),studiedmuscleanditsextracts:Reconstructedallthetransformationstepsfromglycogentolacticacidinvitro;revealedthatmanyreactionsoflacticacid(muscle)andalcohol(yeast)fermentationswerethesame!DiscoveredthatlacticacidisreconvertedtocarbohydrateinthepresenceofO2(gluconeogenesis);poundsareenergy-rich.(GlycolysiswasalsoknownasEmbden-Meyerhofpathway).Thewholepathwayofglycolysis(Glucosetopyruvate)(thusactivated)andthencleavedtoproducetwothree-carbonintermediatesatthepreparatoryphase,-carbonintermediatesarethenoxidizedduringthepayoffphase,(asestersoranhydrides)withsix(derivativesofGlucoseorFructose)orthreecarbons(deri