文档介绍：Physical examination
It is the process of examining the patient’s body to determine the presence or absence of physical problems
The goal of the physical examination is to obtain valid information concerning the health of the patient
The examiner must be able to identify, analyze, and synthesize the accumulated information into a comprehensive assessment
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The four cardinal principles of physical examination
Inspection （望诊）
Palpation（触诊）
Percussion（叩诊）
Auscultation（听诊）
“teach the eye to see, the finger to feel, and the ear to hear”
What is the fifth?
Smelling（嗅诊）
第二页，共59页。
Equipment for physical examination
Required Optional
Stethoscope(听诊器） Gloves（手套）
Tongue blades（压舌板） Gauze pads（纱布垫）
Penlight （电筒） Lubricant gel（润滑油）
Tape measure （卷尺） Nasal speculum（鼻反射镜）
Sphygmomanometer（血压计）Turning fork: 128 Hz,512Hz
Reflex hammer （叩诊锤）（旋转叉）
Safety pins（大头针） Pocket visual acuity card
（袖珍视觉检测卡）
Oto-ophthalmoscope
（检耳-检眼镜）
第三页，共59页。
Important aspects of physical examination----physician
Elegant appearance（仪表端庄）
Decent manner（举止得体）
Kind attitude （态度和蔼）
Highly responsibility （有高度责任性）
Good medical morals （良好的医德）
第四页，共59页。
Important aspects of physical examination---physician
Wash your hands, preferably while the patient is watching
Washing with soap and water is an effective way to reduce the transmission of disease
第五页，共59页。
Sequential (有顺序的)
Conducted in head to toe order: head ---neck---chest---abdomen---spine---extremities---anal---genital---nerve system
Patients tire quickly when asked to “sit up”, “lie down”, “turn on your left side”, “sit up”, “lie down” and so on
第六页，共59页。
Important aspects of physical examination---patient
The patient sh