文档介绍：河北大学
硕士学位论文
朱熹的“理气”论及人性论研究
姓名:王瑞良
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:中国哲学
指导教师:卢子震
2011-05
摘要
摘要
本体论和人性论问题是哲学必须研究和解决的重大理论课题之一,同时也是人类必
须研究和解决的重大现实问题之一。统“理”与“气”为一体,是朱熹哲学的基本特征,
也是朱熹全部思想大厦的基础。朱熹哲学把世界的本体归结为“理气”的统一体。这一
统一不仅构成了世界万物的本体、世界万物的存在、世界万物的变化和发展,而且,更
为重要的是,它也成为人与人类社会产生、存在、发展的根据和准则。为了协调进而解
决至善之“理”与现实世界之间的矛盾,理学逐渐建立并完善了“性”这一哲学范畴。
从而架起了一座沟通本体世界与现象世界、理想世界与现实世界、圣人境界与世生活的
桥梁。决定“人性”的是“理”而不是“气”,这就为人性善提供了理论前提。“气”是
现实人性的物质基础。“气质”不等于“恶”,但使“恶”成为可能。我们必须从“理气”
的统一关系去认识和把握现实的人性。“善”是绝对的。“恶”不是“善”的对立物,而
是“善”的派生物、异化物。“善”与“恶”同源而异流、同行而异情。理学强调“道
德自觉”和“责任”而不是“自然”和“自由”。
本文创新点有:(一)、提出并论证朱熹“理气一体”本体论的观点;(二)、论述了
“性”这一理学哲学范畴建立、完善的原因和理论意义;(三)、对理学“圣人观”的新
理解;(四)、提出理学重视“道德自觉”和“责任”而不是“自然”和“自由”的认识。

关键词理气本体论人性论人性善
I
Abstract
Abstract
It is one of the important theoretical and practical subject that philosophy should to study
and solve the ontology and humanity problem ,and also is one of the important practical
problems that human should to study and solve .To make the Li and Qi to unify, is the basic
characteristics of zhu Xi’s philosophy, but also the basis of all the building of zhu Xi’s
Xi’s philosophy attributes the world of ontology to the unity of the Li and Qi.
The unity of the Li and Qi not only constitutes the ontology of existence of everything of the
whole worlds, but also the changes and development of the world, and, more importantly, it
also e the rule and princerpal of the human society produce, existence and development.
In order to coordinate and solve the contradiction between the otology worlde and the real
world, neo-confucianism gradually establish and perfect the philosophical category-- Xing.
Thus it has built munication bridge from the ontology world and the ideal world to the
real world. It is Li that decided to humanity rather than for Qi, this provides a theoretical
premise human goodness. Qi is real material base of humanity. Being the material base of
humanity,Qi is not equal to evil, but it makes evil es possi