文档介绍：阿尔茨海默病发病机制研究的现状与进展
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【摘要】阿尔茨海默病是年龄相关的神经系统变性病,其病因和发病机制不清、治疗效果不佳、发病后严重影响着患者的生存质量,受到人们越来越多的重视。阿尔茨海默病的发病机制有很多学说,如胆碱能学说、β-淀粉样蛋白瀑布学说、tau蛋白假说、神经血管学说、氧化应激学说等。随着科学技术的飞速发展,人们对阿尔茨海默病有了新的认识,本文就现在比较公认的发病机制研究现状作一综述。
【关键词】阿尔茨海默病;发病机制;β-淀粉样蛋白;Tau蛋白;氧化应激
Abstract: Alzheimers disease is an age-related degenerative disease of nervous system. With its unclear pathogenesis, poor treatment results and a serious impact on patients quality of life, people are paying more attention to it. There are many theories about the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease, such as the cholinergic theory,
β-amyloid cascade theory, tau protein hypothesis, neurovascular theory, oxidative stress theory, etc. In recent years, due to the rapid development of science and technology, people have a new understanding of Alzheimers disease. This article reviews past and recent important findings of potential relevance to the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease.
Key words:Alzheimers disease; pathogenesis; β-amyloid protein; Tau protein; oxidative stress
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)又称老年性痴呆,本病由德国Alois Alzheimer首先描述,它是一种与年龄相关的神经系统变性病,病理以神经炎性斑(neuritic plaques,NP)、神经原纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangles,NFT)、神经元死亡为特征。临床主要表现为记忆障碍、认知障碍、人格改变等,严重影响患者的生活和社交能力。其发病机制尚未完全阐明,现就其主要学说作一探讨。
1 胆碱能学说
乙酰胆碱(ACh)是脑组织中重要的神经递质,其含量减少会造成脑组织的功能紊乱。各种原因引起的胆碱能神经元损伤以及与此相关的皮层及海马等部位的胆碱能神经传递受损,在AD患者发生的一