文档介绍：宁夏大学
硕士学位论文
情绪对不同场认知方式大学生任务切换的影响
姓名:李声
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:应用心理学
指导教师:丁凤琴
2011-04
摘要
任务切换是指人们在完成多种任务时迅速地从一种任务切换到另一种任务的过程。许多研究
表明,被试进行切换任务的反应时比重复任务更长,因此,切换所导致的反应时的亏损被称为切
换损失。
已有研究表明,积极情绪能够促进任务切换,减少切换损失;而消极情绪会干扰任务切换,
增加切换损失。因此,本研究设计了实验 1,探讨情绪对任务切换的影响。大量研究发现,不同
认知方式个体的信息加工能力是有差异的,场独立个体的认知加工能力优于场依存个体。那么,
认知方式会影响任务切换吗?实验 2 探讨了认知方式对任务切换的影响。最后,本研究设计了实
验 3,探讨情绪对不同认知方式大学生任务切换的影响。研究结果发现:
1 情绪对任务切换有显著的影响,积极情绪下的反应时和切换损失均显著低于消极情绪下的
反应时和切换损失。
2 认知方式对任务切换有显著的影响,场独立大学生的反应时和切换损失均显著低于场依存
大学生的反应时和切换损失。
3 情绪对不同认知方式大学生任务切换的影响显著,对于场独立大学生来说,积极情绪下的
反应时和切换损失与消极情绪下的反应时和切换损失无显著差异;而对于场依存大学生来说,情
绪对任务切换有显著影响,具体来说,积极情绪下的反应时和切换损失均明显低于消极情绪下的
反应时和切换损失。
关键词:情绪,认知方式,任务切换,切换损失
I
Abstract
Task switching is a process that people can quickly switch from one task to another in multiple
tasks. Many studies have shown that the reaction time of switching task is longer than repetitive task. So
the reaction time caused by switching is known as switching cost.
Studies have shown that positive emotions can contribute to task switching, reducing switching
cost, but negative emotions can interfere with task switching, increasing switching cost. Therefore, we
designed experiment 1 to explore the impacts of emotion on task switching. Many studies have found
that individuals with different cognitive style have different information processing capacity. The
cognitive processing capacity of field independent individuals is higher than field dependent individuals.
So experiment 2 discusses the impacts of cognitive styles on task switching. Finally, experiment 3 was
designed to discuss the existence of interaction between emotion and cognitive styles. The results
showed as follows:
1 The effect of emotion on task switching is significant. The response time and switching cost of
positive emotion are significantly lower than negative emotion.
2 The effect of cognitive styles on task switching is signifi