文档介绍：老年痴呆症症状及早期症状阿尔茨海默病( Alzheimer disease , AD ),又叫老年性痴呆, 是一种中枢神经系统变性病,起病隐袭,病程呈慢性进行性, 是老年期痴呆最常见的一种类型。主要表现为渐进性记忆障碍、认知功能障碍、人格改变及语言障碍等神经精神症状,严重影响社交、职业与生活功能。 AD 的病因及发病机制尚未阐明,特征性病理改变为β淀粉样蛋白沉积形成的细胞外老年斑和 tau 蛋白过度磷酸化形成的神经细胞内神经原纤维缠结,以及神经元丢失伴胶质细胞增生等。当个洒脱“单身贵族”成为了很多都市人的新选择时,发表在《英忆力可能会在长期单身生活的日子里,悄然流逝。处在幸福的婚姻或是恋爱状态,则有助于维持记忆力。研究人员表示,婚姻生活中,夫妻间的沟通互动不仅能在不知不觉中让大脑得到锻炼,积极刺激记忆力发展,还能相互填补“记忆漏洞”。症状体征 起病隐匿患者起病隐袭,精神改变隐匿,早期不易被家人觉察,不清楚发病的确切日期,偶遇热性疾病、感染、手术、轻度头部外伤或服药患者,因出现异常精神错乱而引起注意,也有的患者可主诉头晕、难于表述的头痛、多变的躯体症状或自主神经症状等。记忆障碍 逐渐发生的记忆障碍(memory impairment) 或遗忘是 AD 的重要特征或首发症状。(1)近记忆障碍明显:患者不能记忆当天发生的日常琐事,记不得刚做过的事或讲过的话,忘记少用的名词、约会或贵重物件放于何处,易忘记不常用的名字,常重复发问,以前熟悉的名字易搞混,词汇减少。远事记忆可相对保留,早年不常用的词也会失去记忆。 Albert 等检查病人记忆重要政治事件日期和识别过去及当前重要人物的照片,发现记忆丧失在某种程度上包括整个生命期。 Think of the amygdala as the engine and the cortex as the brake. 可以说,类扁桃体就像发动机,而大脑皮层则像刹车。 The limbic system is a set of evolutionarily primitive brain structures located on top of the brainstem and buried under the cortex. Limbic system structures are involved in many of our emotions and motivations, particularly those that are related to survival. Such emotions include fear, anger, and emotions related to sexual behavior. The limbic system is also involved in feelings of pleasure that are related to our survival, such as those experienced from eating and sex. Certain structures of the limbic system are involved in memory as well. Two large l