文档介绍：第三讲词法翻译一、对等译法?在翻译过程中,我们一般都可以在译文语言中找到同原文中某个单词、词组或成语意义上的得等表达。因此,对等译法是翻译中最常用、最重要的翻译方法。我们在翻译中必须注意译文中所采用的对等表达是名副其实的对等表达。一般来说,汉英两种语言中单词的对等率最高,而词组、成语、谚语的对等率就要相对低一些。(一)单词? Television (n.) ? Electricity (n.) ? Wheat (n.) ?坐(动词) ?小(形容词) ?和(连接词) ?电视?电?小麦? Sit ? Small ? and 总的来说,汉英两种语言中单词的对等程度要高一些,一方面是单词的文化背景比较简单,另一方面是单词本身的语义结构比较简单。存在着差异的“对等”单词?杯子?桌子?宣传? Uncle ? cousin ? Cup mug glass ? Desk table ? Propaganda publicize (二)成语?成语的对等是从三个方面体现出来的,一个是比喻意义,一个是比喻形式,再一个是感情色彩。?三者中比喻意义是最重要的,当三者发生矛盾时,我们得有限保留比喻意义。?感情色彩的对等同比喻意义的对等几乎同样重要。如果感情色彩不对等,这条成语就肯定不能用。?至于比喻形式,能对等则应尽量对等,实在对等不了,就应当机立断,大胆放弃。? Cut in a joke ? Speak one ’ s mind ? Be after one ’ s own heart ? At one ’ s finger-tips ? Fish in troubled waters ? Thousands upon thousands of ?插科打诨?畅所欲言?称心如意?了如指掌?浑水摸鱼?成千上万? In deep water ? Turn up one ’ s nose at ? Skin and bones ? Touch and go ? From the cradle to the grave ? Hit the nail on the head ?水深火热?嗤之以鼻?皮包骨头?一触即发?一生一世?一语道破?出人头地?吹毛求疵?破釜沉舟?大惊小怪?大海捞针?颠倒黑白? Be head and shoulders above others ? Pick a hole in sb ’s coat ? Burn one ’ s boat ? Make a fuss about ? Look for a needle in a bundle of hay ? Talk black into white ?得意忘形?攀龙附凤?大发雷霆?骑虎难下?视而不见?充耳不闻? Have one ’ s nose in the air ? Worship in the rising sun ? Hit the ceiling / fly into a rage ? Hold a wolf by the ears ? Turn a blind eye to ? Turn a deaf ear to (三)谚语? Look before you leap. ? Make hay while the sun shines. ?趁热打铁。? There is no smoke without fire. ?无风不起浪。? Ill news travels fast. ?恶事传千里。